CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03280056Updated Feb 29, 2024Results posted

Safety and Efficacy of Repeated Administrations of NurOwn® in ALS Patients

A Phase 3 interventional study of NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells) and Placebo in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), sponsored by Brainstorm-Cell Therapeutics. Completed at 6 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 60 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-02-29.

Sponsored by Brainstorm-Cell Therapeutics · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
196
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 60 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeated administration of NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells) therapy, which is based on transplantation of autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), which are enriched from the patient's own bone marrow, propagated ex vivo and induced to secrete Neurotrophic factors (NTFs).

The autologous NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells) are back-transplanted into the patient intrathecally by standard lumbar puncture where neurons and glial cells are expected to take up the neurotrophic factors secreted by the transplanted cells

Read the detailed description

Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are potent survival factors for embryonic, neonatal, and adult neurons and are considered potential therapeutic candidates for ALS. Delivery of multiple NTFs to the immediate environment of afflicted neurons in ALS patients is expected to improve their survival and thus slow down disease progression and alleviate symptoms. NTF-secreting mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC-NTF cells) are a novel cell-therapeutic approach aimed at effectively delivering NTFs directly to the site of damage in ALS patients.

Participants meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be randomized and will undergo bone-marrow aspiration. MSC of the participants randomized to the treatment group will be induced into MSC-NTF cells. Participants will undergo a total of three intrathecal (IT) transplantations with NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells) or matching placebo at three bi-monthly intervals

02

Conditions studied

  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Keywords

  • MSC
  • Autologous
  • Neurotrophic factors
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 60 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • ALS diagnosed as possible, laboratory-supported probable, probable, or definite as defined by revised El Escorial criteria.
  • Having onset of ALS disease symptoms, including limb weakness within 24 months at the Screening Visit.
  • ALSFRS-R ≥ 25 at the screening Visit.
  • Upright slow vital capacity (SVC) measure ≥ 65% of predicted for gender, height, and age at the screening Visit.
  • Rapid progressors
  • Participants taking a stable dose of Riluzole are permitted in the study
  • Citizen or permanent resident of the United States or Canadian citizen able to travel to a US site for all follow-up study visits

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Prior stem cell therapy of any kind
  • History of autoimmune or other serious disease (including malignancy and immune deficiency) that may confound study results
  • Current use of immunosuppressant medication or anticoagulants (per Investigator discretion)
  • Exposure to any other experimental agent or participation in an ALS clinical trial within 30 days prior to Screening Visit
  • Use of RADICAVA (edaravone injection) within 30 days of screening or intent to use edaravone at any time during the course of the study including the follow up period
  • Use of non-invasive ventilation (BIPAP), diaphragm pacing system or invasive ventilation (tracheostomy)
  • Feeding tube
  • Pregnant women or women currently breastfeeding
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
196 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells)

    Three Intrathecal administrations of NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells) at bi-monthly intervals

    Biological: NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells) · Other: Bone Marrow aspiration

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo

    Three Intrathecal administrations of Placebo at bi-monthly intervals

    Other: Placebo · Other: Bone Marrow aspiration

Interventions

  • BiologicalNurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells)

    NurOwn® (MSC-NTF): One course of treatment that includes three separate intrathecal injections of 100-125 x 10\^6 cells every 8 weeks NurOwn® (MSC-NTF): Autologous, bone marrow-derived, mesenchymal stem cells secreting neurotrophic factors

  • OtherPlacebo

    One course of treatment that includes three separate intrathecal injections of Placebo every 8 weeks Placebo: liquid solution in syringe for injection

  • OtherBone Marrow aspiration

    Bone Marrow aspiration

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. The Proportion of NurOwn® Treated Participants With a ≥1.25 Points/Month Improvement in Post-treatment Slope vs. Pre-treatment Slope in ALSFRS-R Score at 28 Weeks Following the First Treatment as Compared to Placebo

    The ALSFRS-R is a quickly administered (10 minutes) ordinal, validated rating scale (ratings 0-4) used to determine participants' assessment of their capability and independence in 12 functional activities. All 12 activities are relevant in ALS. Initial validity was established by documenting that in ALS patients, change in ALSFRS-R scores correlated with change in strength over time, as measured by quantitative neuromuscular strength testing, and with quality of life measures, and predicted survival. The total score of ALSFRS-R ranges from 0-48, with higher score being better.

    Time frame: 28 weeks following the first intrathecal injection

Secondary outcomes

  1. Number of Participants Whose Disease Progression is Halted or Improved as Measured by a 100% or Greater Improvement in Post-treatment Slope vs. Pre-treatment Slope in ALSFRS-R Score of NurOwn® Treatment vs. Placebo

    The ALSFRS-R is a quickly administered (10 minutes) ordinal, validated rating scale (ratings 0-4) used to determine participants' assessment of their capability and independence in 12 functional activities. All 12 activities are relevant in ALS. Initial validity was established by documenting that in ALS patients, change in ALSFRS-R scores correlated with change in strength over time, as measured by quantitative neuromuscular strength testing, and with quality of life measures, and predicted survival. The total score of ALSFRS-R ranges from 0-48, with higher score being better.

    Time frame: 28 weeks following the first intrathecal injection

  2. Score of NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells) Treated Patients vs. Placebo Treated Patients as Measured by Change From Baseline in ALSFRS-R Score at Week 28

    The ALSFRS-R is a quickly administered (10 minutes) ordinal, validated rating scale (ratings 0-4) used to determine participants' assessment of their capability and independence in 12 functional activities. All 12 activities are relevant in ALS. Initial validity was established by documenting that in ALS patients, change in ALSFRS-R scores correlated with change in strength over time, as measured by quantitative neuromuscular strength testing, and with quality of life measures, and predicted survival. The total score of ALSFRS-R ranges from 0-48, with higher score being better.

    Time frame: 28 weeks following the first intrathecal injection

  3. NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells) Treated Patients vs. Placebo Treated Patients as Measured by the Combined Assessment of Function and Survival at 28 Weeks

    The combined Assessment of Function and Survival (CAFS) is a composite endpoint based on (1) the change from baseline in ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score and (2) time to death. On the ALSFRS-R, 12 functions are rated on 5-point ordinal rating scales (from 0 to 4) with a total score range (minimum and maximum score) of 0-48 (sum of all 12 items). The higher the score the better functioning. For the survival endpoint, the longer time the better outcome. A patient's CAFS score represents a patient's rank in the study based on comparing the patient's outcome for both the change in ALSFRS-R and the time to death to all other patients in the study in a pairwise fashion. The ranked scores range from 001 to 189 (the number of subjects in the mITT population) with larger rank score numbers associated with a better outcome. The reported values are the mean rank scores in each group for the composite endpoint.

    Time frame: 28 weeks following the first intrathecal injection

06

Results

Posted Feb 29, 2024
Limitations and caveats
This trial had a unique and atypical trial population that included more participants than anticipated with advanced ALS, who had a low ALSFRS-R score. As compared with recent large ALS clinical trials, this study population is an outlier, with a mean overall ALSFRS-R score at baseline lower than other studies, and this impacted the power of this study.

Participant flow

The first participant in Study BCT-002-US signed informed consent on 28 August 2017 The last participant visit took place on 29 September 2020. The study was conducted at 6 clinical sites in the USA. A total of 263 participants were screened for the study, and 196 participants (74.5% of participants screened) were randomly assigned (1:1) to treatment with either NurOwn or placebo.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneNurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)Placebo
Started9594
Completed7173
Not completed2421
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject1214
Withdrew: Death92
Withdrew: Adverse event13
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up11
Withdrew: Physician decision01
Withdrew: Early discontinuation10

Outcome measures

PrimaryThe Proportion of NurOwn® Treated Participants With a ≥1.25 Points/Month Improvement in Post-treatment Slope vs. Pre-treatment Slope in ALSFRS-R Score at 28 Weeks Following the First Treatment as Compared to Placebo

The ALSFRS-R is a quickly administered (10 minutes) ordinal, validated rating scale (ratings 0-4) used to determine participants' assessment of their capability and independence in 12 functional activities. All 12 activities are relevant in ALS. Initial validity was established by documenting that in ALS patients, change in ALSFRS-R scores correlated with change in strength over time, as measured by quantitative neuromuscular strength testing, and with quality of life measures, and predicted survival. The total score of ALSFRS-R ranges from 0-48, with higher score being better.

Time frame:
28 weeks following the first intrathecal injection
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
The Proportion of NurOwn® Treated Participants With a ≥1.25 Points/Month Improvement in Post-treatment Slope vs. Pre-treatment Slope in ALSFRS-R Score at 28 Weeks Following the First Treatment as Compared to Placebo
ParticipantsNurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)Placebo
YES (%)3126
NO (%)6468
Statistical analysis
  • NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells) vs Placebo · Chi-squared · p = 0.453 · Odds ratio (or): 1.330 · 95% CI 0.632 to 2.798
SecondaryNumber of Participants Whose Disease Progression is Halted or Improved as Measured by a 100% or Greater Improvement in Post-treatment Slope vs. Pre-treatment Slope in ALSFRS-R Score of NurOwn® Treatment vs. Placebo

The ALSFRS-R is a quickly administered (10 minutes) ordinal, validated rating scale (ratings 0-4) used to determine participants' assessment of their capability and independence in 12 functional activities. All 12 activities are relevant in ALS. Initial validity was established by documenting that in ALS patients, change in ALSFRS-R scores correlated with change in strength over time, as measured by quantitative neuromuscular strength testing, and with quality of life measures, and predicted survival. The total score of ALSFRS-R ranges from 0-48, with higher score being better.

Time frame:
28 weeks following the first intrathecal injection
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants Whose Disease Progression is Halted or Improved as Measured by a 100% or Greater Improvement in Post-treatment Slope vs. Pre-treatment Slope in ALSFRS-R Score of NurOwn® Treatment vs. Placebo
ParticipantsNurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)Placebo
YES (%)1313
NO (%)8281
Statistical analysis
  • NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells) vs Placebo · Chi-squared · p = 0.997 · Odds ratio (or): 0.998 · 95% CI 0.416 to 2.395
SecondaryScore of NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells) Treated Patients vs. Placebo Treated Patients as Measured by Change From Baseline in ALSFRS-R Score at Week 28

The ALSFRS-R is a quickly administered (10 minutes) ordinal, validated rating scale (ratings 0-4) used to determine participants' assessment of their capability and independence in 12 functional activities. All 12 activities are relevant in ALS. Initial validity was established by documenting that in ALS patients, change in ALSFRS-R scores correlated with change in strength over time, as measured by quantitative neuromuscular strength testing, and with quality of life measures, and predicted survival. The total score of ALSFRS-R ranges from 0-48, with higher score being better.

Time frame:
28 weeks following the first intrathecal injection
Reported as:
Least squares mean · score on a scale
Score of NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells) Treated Patients vs. Placebo Treated Patients as Measured by Change From Baseline in ALSFRS-R Score at Week 28
score on a scaleNurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)Placebo
Score of NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells) Treated Patients vs. Placebo Treated Patients as Measured by Change From Baseline in ALSFRS-R Score at Week 28-5.52 ± 0.670-5.88 ± 0.665
Statistical analysis
  • NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells) vs Placebo · Mixed Models Analysis · p = 0.693 · Mean difference (final values): 0.37 · 95% CI -1.47 to 2.20
SecondaryNurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells) Treated Patients vs. Placebo Treated Patients as Measured by the Combined Assessment of Function and Survival at 28 Weeks

The combined Assessment of Function and Survival (CAFS) is a composite endpoint based on (1) the change from baseline in ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score and (2) time to death. On the ALSFRS-R, 12 functions are rated on 5-point ordinal rating scales (from 0 to 4) with a total score range (minimum and maximum score) of 0-48 (sum of all 12 items). The higher the score the better functioning. For the survival endpoint, the longer time the better outcome. A patient's CAFS score represents a patient's rank in the study based on comparing the patient's outcome for both the change in ALSFRS-R and the time to death to all other patients in the study in a pairwise fashion. The ranked scores range from 001 to 189 (the number of subjects in the mITT population) with larger rank score numbers associated with a better outcome. The reported values are the mean rank scores in each group for the composite endpoint.

Time frame:
28 weeks following the first intrathecal injection
Reported as:
Least squares mean · score on a scale
NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells) Treated Patients vs. Placebo Treated Patients as Measured by the Combined Assessment of Function and Survival at 28 Weeks
score on a scaleNurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)Placebo
NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells) Treated Patients vs. Placebo Treated Patients as Measured by the Combined Assessment of Function and Survival at 28 Weeks73.74 ± 5.21072.21 ± 4.890
Statistical analysis
  • NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells) vs Placebo · ANCOVA · p = 0.804 · Mean difference (final values): 1.53 · 95% CI -10.65 to 13.72

Adverse events

Collected over from the screening visit through the end of the study period (28 weeks after first treatment). Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)10/95 (10.5%)23/95 (24.2%)93/95 (97.9%)
Placebo4/94 (4.3%)17/94 (18.1%)92/94 (97.9%)
Most frequent serious events
Showing 10 of 40
Most frequent serious events
EventNurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)Placebo
Respiratory failureRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders5/953/94
DysphagiaGastrointestinal disorders3/952/94
Disease progressionGeneral disorders1/952/94
PneumoniaInfections and infestations2/952/94
Respiratory distressRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders2/950/94
Pulmonary embolismRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders1/951/94
Acute respiratory failureRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders0/951/94
Pneumonia aspirationRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders0/951/94
Clostridium difficile infectionInfections and infestations0/951/94
SepsisInfections and infestations0/951/94
Most frequent other events
Showing 10 of 41
Most frequent other events
EventNurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)Placebo
Procedural painInjury, poisoning and procedural complications50/9534/94
HeadacheNervous system disorders45/9532/94
Back painMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders42/9524/94
FallInjury, poisoning and procedural complications28/9534/94
Procedural headacheInjury, poisoning and procedural complications31/9530/94
Post lumbar puncture syndromeInjury, poisoning and procedural complications22/9529/94
NauseaGastrointestinal disorders16/9518/94
Post procedural complicationInjury, poisoning and procedural complications16/957/94
Pain in extremityMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders16/9511/94
Musculoskeletal painMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders15/958/94

Baseline characteristics

Demographic characteristics were balanced between NurOwn and placebo treatment groups with no statistically significant differences at baseline.

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)PlaceboTotal
<=18 years000
Between 18 and 65 years9594189
>=65 years000
Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)PlaceboTotal
Mean48.1 ± 9.7149.1 ± 8.3848.6 ± 9.07
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)PlaceboTotal
Female273562
Male6859127
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)PlaceboTotal
Hispanic or Latino538
Not Hispanic or Latino9091181
Unknown or Not Reported000
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)PlaceboTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian5712
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander011
Black or African American336
White8781168
More than one race000
Unknown or Not Reported022
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)PlaceboTotal
United States9594189
Baseline Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating ScaleScore
Baseline Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating ScaleScore(units on a scale)NurOwn® (MSC-NTF Cells)PlaceboTotal
Mean30.3 ± 6.531.4 ± 6.130.9 ± 6.3
07

Study locations

6 sites
  • University of California Irvine Alpha Stem Cell Clinic
    Irvine, California 92697, United States
  • Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
    Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
  • California Pacific Medical Center
    San Francisco, California 94115, United States
  • Massachusetts General Hospital
    Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
  • University of Massachusetts Medical School
    Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
  • Mayo Clinic
    Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
08

References and documents

Study documents

  • Study protocol · Mar 1, 2020
  • Statistical analysis plan · Jun 19, 2020

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03280056
Lead sponsor
Brainstorm-Cell Therapeutics
Collaborators
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Sep 12, 2017
Start date
Aug 28, 2017
Primary completion
Sep 29, 2020
Completion
Sep 29, 2020
Results posted
Feb 29, 2024
Last update
Feb 29, 2024

Study contacts

Merit E. Cudkowicz, MD
principal investigator · Massachusetts General Hospital
Robert H. Brown, MD, PhD
principal investigator · UMass Medical School
Anthony J. Windebank, MD
principal investigator · Mayo Clinic
Namita A. Goyal, MD
principal investigator · UC Irvine
Robert G. Miller, MD
principal investigator · California Pacific Medical Center (CPM) Research Institute
Robert Baloh, MD, Ph.D.
principal investigator · Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
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