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CompletedNCT03273244COMPASUpdated Oct 18, 2019

Measuring Comfort During Palliative Sedation

An observational study in Palliative Sedation, sponsored by Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Completed at 2 sites in Belgium. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-10-18.

Sponsored by Vrije Universiteit Brussel · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Other
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
12
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Background. In case of untreatable suffering at the end of life, palliative sedation may be chosen to assure comfort by reducing the patient's level of consciousness. An important question here is whether such sedated patients are certainly completely free of pain. Because these patients cannot communicate anymore, caregivers have to rely on observation to assess the patient's comfort. Recently however, more sophisticated techniques from the neurosciences (fMRI, EEG) have shown that sometimes consciousness and pain is undetectable with these traditional behavioral methods.

Therefore there is an urgent need for a more reliable way of assessment by combining existing observational scales, subjective assessments of caregivers and family and neuroimaging techniques.

Aim. The aim of this study is to better understand how unconscious palliative sedated patients experience the last days of their life and to find out if they are really free of pain.

Methods In this study the investigators will observe 40 patients starting with initiation of palliative sedation until death.

Assessment of comfort based on behavioural observations will be related with the results from a NeuroSense monitor, an EEG-based brain monitor used for evaluation of the adequacy of anesthesia and sedation in the operating room and an ECG-based Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) monitor, which informs about the comfort or discomfort condition of the organism, based on the parasympathetic tone (including calculation of ANI). Additionally, the researchers will investigate whether changes of these measures can be linked to changes in the patients' experience as observed by caregivers and relatives, especially in the last moments of life. An innovative and challenging aspect of this study is its qualitative approach, implying all the different types of data will be used to link "objective" and "subjective" data to achieve a holistic understanding of the study topics.

The following data will be collected:

  • assessment of pain/comfort by the patients themselves before loss of consciousness due to deep continuous sedation (if possible) by scoring a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
  • brain function monitoring (NeuroSense monitor)
  • monitoring of parasympathetic tone (ANI monitor)
  • assessment by caregivers on 3 VAS scales (different scales or 3 different caregivers?)
  • relatives' perception of the quality of the dying process on 3 VAS scales (idem)
  • assessment by 2 trained investigators using observational scales
  • observation: video and audio registration
02

Conditions studied

  • Palliative Sedation
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

All patients older than 18 years where palliative sedation is expected to be initiated, regardless of underlying diseases.

Inclusion criteria

Patients may be included if they are considered by their treating physician as:

  1. in their last week of life
  2. in conditions that might, when not treated, cause high levels of distress
  3. sedated
  4. unable to communicate

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

-

04

Study design

Observational model
Other
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
12 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Device monitoring

    NeuroSense monitoring and ANI monitoring

    Device: NeuroSense monitoring and ANI monitoring

Interventions

  • DeviceNeuroSense monitoring and ANI monitoring

    From the start of palliative sedation, monitoring of EEG with NeuroSense device (WAVcns: Wavelet Anesthetic Value of the Central Nervous System) and ANI-monitoring (Analgesia Nociception Index) will be initiated.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Level of awareness

    Level of awareness as measured by a NeuroSense monitor and expressed as the WAVcns index (Wavelet-based Anesthetic Value for Central Nervous System). The WAVcns is based on cortical EEG.

    Time frame: From date of enrollment until the date of death, on average less than 1 week.

  2. Level of pain and discomfort

    Level of pain and discomfort as measured by an ANI-monitor and expressed by the analgesia nociception index (ANI). The ANI is based on HRV (heart rate variability).

    Time frame: From date of enrollment until the date of death, on average less than 1 week.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Pain

    Visual analog score assessment by nurse

    Time frame: From date of enrollment until the date of death (on average less than 1 week), during routine care, at least twice a day.

  2. Awareness

    Visual analog score assessment by nurse

    Time frame: From date of enrollment until the date of death (on average less than 1 week), during routine care, at least twice a day.

  3. Communication

    Visual analog score assessment by nurse

    Time frame: From date of enrollment until the date of death (on average less than 1 week), during routine care, at least twice a day.

  4. Pain

    Visual analog score assessment by family member

    Time frame: From date of enrollment until the date of death (on average less than 1 week), during visit, once a day.

  5. Awareness

    Visual analog score assessment by family member

    Time frame: From date of enrollment until the date of death (on average less than 1 week), during visit, once a day.

  6. Communication

    Visual analog score assessment by family member

    Time frame: From date of enrollment until the date of death (on average less than 1 week), during visit, once a day.

06

Study locations

2 sites
  • Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Blasius
    Dendermonde, Oost-Vlaanderen 9200, Belgium
  • University Hospital
    Brussels, 1090, Belgium
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Six S, Laureys S, Poelaert J, Mairesse O, Theuns P, Bilsen J, Deschepper R. Neurophysiological Assessments During Continuous Sedation Until Death Put Validity of Observational Assessments Into Question: A Prospective Observational Study. Pain Ther. 2021 Jun;10(1):377-390. doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00214-z. Epub 2020 Nov 5. PubMed 33151515 ↗
  • Six S, Laureys S, Poelaert J, Bilsen J, Theuns P, Deschepper R. Comfort in palliative sedation (Compas): a transdisciplinary mixed method study protocol for linking objective assessments to subjective experiences. BMC Palliat Care. 2018 Apr 18;17(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12904-018-0316-2. PubMed 29669562 ↗
08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03273244
Lead sponsor
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Responsible party
Stefaan Six (Principal Investigator, Vrije Universiteit Brussel) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 6, 2017
Start date
May 12, 2017
Primary completion
Jun 30, 2019
Completion
Sep 30, 2019
Last update
Oct 18, 2019

Study contacts

Reginald Deschepper, PhD
study chair · Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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