An interventional study of BlueLeaf System in Chronic Venous Insufficiency, sponsored by Intervene, Inc.. Terminated at 5 sites in 3 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-23.
Sponsored by Intervene, Inc. · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the BlueLeaf System for the restoration of venous competence for the treatment of symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).
Prospective, non-randomized, multicenter pre-market feasibility study to evaluate subjects treated with the BlueLeaf System for the treatment of symptomatic CVI of the lower extremity. The BlueLeaf System is designed to form autogenous tissue leaflets from vein walls in the femoral and popliteal veins without the use of a permanent vascular implant for the treatment of CVI. Subjects meeting eligibility criteria will be enrolled and may be followed through 5 years post treatment.
Intervene, Inc. is the lead sponsor of 7 studies on the registry; 3 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Exclusion Criteria:
The BlueLeaf System will be used to create an autogenous leaflet to mimic valve function.
Device: BlueLeaf System
The BlueLeaf System will be used to create an autogenous leaflet to mimic valve function.
Primary Effectiveness: Change in Reflux Time (RT) in the Primary Treated Vein Segment
Change in reflux time (reported as % change) in the primary treated vessel from pre-procedure baseline compared to the 30-day follow-up
Time frame: Baseline, 7-day, 30-day
Primary Safety: Number of Participants With Target Vessel Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)
Rates (count) of participant with DVTs in the target vessel at the 30-day time point - analyzed for subjects that completed the 30-day follow-up visit
Time frame: 30-day post-procedure
Number of Participants With Target Vessel Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) in the Primary Treated Vein Segment
Rates (count) of participants with DVTs in the target vessel at the 90-day and 210-day follow-up assessed by follow-up imaging
Time frame: 90-day, 210-day
Change in Reflux Time (RT) in the Primary Treated Vein Segment
Assessment of the reflux time in the primary treated vein segment. Change in reflux time (RT) in the primary treated vein segment from pre-procedure baseline to the 90-day and 210-day follow-up visits were assessed; the outcome is reported as the % change in the reflux time from Baseline
Time frame: 90-day, 210-day
Procedure Technical Success
Procedure technical success is defined as delivery of the system to the target vessel and formation of at least one mobile autogenous valve (as measured with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or venography following valve formation) without target vessel occlusion at the conclusion of the index procedure
Time frame: Procedure
Average Revised Venous Clinical Severity Score (rVCSS)
Assessment of the average (mean) rVCSS at Baseline, 30D and 90D. A severity score is assigned to each of ten attributes of venous disease; a total severity score is calculated by summing the individual attribute scores. The score is a composite based on a rating score of none (0), mild (+1), moderate (+2) and severe (+3) for symptoms and clinical signs, the number of active ulcers (0, +1, +2, \>/=3), duration of ulcers (\<3 months, \>3 months but \<1 year, not healed for \>1 year), active ulcer size (diameter \<2cm, diameter 2-6cm, and diameter \>6cm), and use of compression therapy (not used (0), intermittent use of stockings (+1), wears stockings most days (+2), and full compliance (+3)). A higher total score would indicate a worse outcome (total score can range from 0 to 30); the outcome is reported as the average (mean) scores at Baseline, 30D and 90D.
Time frame: Baseline, 30-day, 90-day
Change in Revised Venous Clinical Severity Score (rVCSS)
Assessment of the average (mean) change in rVCSS at 30D and 90D compared to Baseline. A severity score is assigned to each of ten attributes of venous disease; a total severity score is calculated by summing the individual attribute scores. The score is a composite based on a rating score of none (0), mild (+1), moderate (+2) and severe (+3) for symptoms and clinical signs, the number of active ulcers (0, +1, +2, \>/=3), duration of ulcers (\<3 months, \>3 months but \<1 year, not healed for \>1 year), active ulcer size (diameter \<2cm, diameter 2-6cm, and diameter \>6cm), and use of compression therapy (not used (0), intermittent use of stockings (+1), wears stockings most days (+2), and full compliance (+3)). An increase in total score over time would indicate a worse outcome; the outcome is reported as the average (mean) numeric change in score at 30D and 90D compared to the Baseline score (for Baseline scores refer to outcome measure "Average Revised Venous Clinical Severity Score").
Time frame: 30-day, 90-day
Average Villalta Scale Score
Assessment of the average (mean) Villalta Scale Score at Baseline, 30D, and 90D. The score is a composite of 11 items based on a rating score of absent (0), mild (+1), moderate (+2) and severe (+3) for symptoms and clinical signs, and presence or absence of venous ulcers. Based on the possible rating scores of 0-3 for each item, the possible scale range for the 11 items is 0-33, where a higher Villalta Scale Score indicates a worse outcome; the outcome is reported as the average (mean) scores at Baseline, 30D and 90D. A total Villalta score of 0-4 indicates no disease (negative for PTS); a score of 5-9 indicates mild disease; a score of 10-14 indicates moderate disease; and a score of 15 or greater indicates severe disease.
Time frame: Baseline, 30-day, 90-day
Change in Villalta Scale Score
Assessment of average (mean) change in Villalta Scale Score at 30D and 90D compared to Baseline. The score is a composite of 11 items based on a rating score of absent (0), mild (+1), moderate (+2) and severe (+3) for symptoms and clinical signs, and presence or absence of venous ulcers. Based on the possible rating scores of 0-3 for each item, the possible scale range for the 11 items is 0-33, where a higher Villalta Scale Score indicates a worse outcome; the outcome is reported as the average numeric change in score at 30D and 90D compared to the Baseline score (for Baseline scores refer to outcome measure "Average Villalta Scale Score"). A total Villalta score of 0-4 indicates no disease (negative for PTS); a score of 5-9 indicates mild disease; a score of 10-14 indicates moderate disease; and a score of 15 or greater indicates severe disease.
Time frame: 30-day, 90-day
Average VEINES-QoL/Sym Score
Assessment of the average (mean) VEINES-QoL/Sym Score at Baseline, 30D, 90D and 210D. The VEINES instrument consists of 35 items in 2 categories that generate two (2) separate summary scores for symptoms (VEINES-Sym) and quality of life (VEINES-QoL). Responses are made on a 2- to 7-point scale that rates intensity, frequency, and agreement. The scoring varies based on the following scores on a scale: Q1 (1-5, higher score is better); Q2/Q3 (1-6, higher score is better); Q4 (0-3, higher score is better); Q5 (1-2, higher score is better); Q6 (1-5, higher score is better); Q7 (1-6, higher score is worse/reverse scored when totaling the summary scores); Q8 (1-6, higher score is better). VEINES-QoL/Sym scores can range from 0-100, where higher scores indicate better outcomes (higher quality of life and less severe symptoms). The calculated mean VEINES-QoL/Sym scores at 30D, 90D and 210D post-procedure are provided.
Time frame: Baseline, 30-day, 90-day, 210-day
Change in VEINES-QoL/Sym Score
Assessment of the change in the median (min, max) VEINES-QoL/Sym Score at 30D, 90D and 210D compared to Baseline. The VEINES instrument consists of 35 items in 2 categories that generate two (2) separate summary scores for symptoms (VEINES-Sym) and quality of life (VEINES-QoL). Responses are made on a 2- to 7-point scale that rates intensity, frequency, and agreement. The scoring varies based on the following scores on a scale: Q1 (1-5, higher score is better); Q2/Q3 (1-6, higher score is better); Q4 (0-3, higher score is better); Q5 (1-2, higher score is better); Q6 (1-5, higher score is better); Q7 (1-6, higher score is worse/reverse scored when totaling the summary scores); Q8 (1-6, higher score is better). The outcome is reported as the change in median (min, max) score at 30D, 90D and 210D compared to the Baseline score (for Baseline scores refer to outcome measure "Average VEINES-QoL/Sym Score").
Time frame: 30-day, 90-day, 210-day
| Milestone | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| Started | 14 |
| Completed | 0 |
| Not completed | 14 |
| Withdrew: Underwent investigational procedure, but trial was terminated early by sponsor | 11 |
| Withdrew: Unknown (information not available/status unknown) | 3 |
Change in reflux time (reported as % change) in the primary treated vessel from pre-procedure baseline compared to the 30-day follow-up
| percentage change from Baseline | BlueLeaf System - Proximal Femoral Vein (FV) Segment | BlueLeaf System - Distal Femoral Vein (FV) Segment | BlueLeaf System - Mid Popliteal Segment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7-day % change from Baseline | 32.0 ± 72.5 | 41.2 ± 54.3 | 59.1 ± 67.6 |
| 30-day % change from Baseline | 18.8 ± 85.3 | 39.3 ± 80.6 | 65.1 ± 94.3 |
Rates (count) of participant with DVTs in the target vessel at the 30-day time point - analyzed for subjects that completed the 30-day follow-up visit
| Participants | BlueLeaf System - Proximal Femoral Vein (FV) Segment | BlueLeaf System - Distal Femoral Vein (FV) Segment | BlueLeaf System - Mid Popliteal Segment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Safety: Number of Participants With Target Vessel Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Rates (count) of participants with DVTs in the target vessel at the 90-day and 210-day follow-up assessed by follow-up imaging
| participants | BlueLeaf System - Proximal Femoral Vein (FV) Segment | BlueLeaf System - Distal Femoral Vein (FV) Segment | BlueLeaf System - Mid Popliteal Segment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 90-day | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 210-day | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assessment of the reflux time in the primary treated vein segment. Change in reflux time (RT) in the primary treated vein segment from pre-procedure baseline to the 90-day and 210-day follow-up visits were assessed; the outcome is reported as the % change in the reflux time from Baseline
| percent change from baseline values | BlueLeaf System - Proximal Femoral Vein (FV) Segment | BlueLeaf System - Distal Femoral Vein (FV) Segment | BlueLeaf System - Mid-Popliteal Segment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 90-day % change from Baseline | 40.9 ± 79.3 | 16.9 ± 53.4 | 50.8 ± 107.7 |
| 210-day % change from Baseline | 45.2 ± 60.5 | 75.6 ± 11.6 | 122.4 ± 83.3 |
Procedure technical success is defined as delivery of the system to the target vessel and formation of at least one mobile autogenous valve (as measured with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or venography following valve formation) without target vessel occlusion at the conclusion of the index procedure
| Participants | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| Procedure Technical Success | 10 |
Assessment of the average (mean) rVCSS at Baseline, 30D and 90D. A severity score is assigned to each of ten attributes of venous disease; a total severity score is calculated by summing the individual attribute scores. The score is a composite based on a rating score of none (0), mild (+1), moderate (+2) and severe (+3) for symptoms and clinical signs, the number of active ulcers (0, +1, +2, \>/=3), duration of ulcers (\<3 months, \>3 months but \<1 year, not healed for \>1 year), active ulcer size (diameter \<2cm, diameter 2-6cm, and diameter \>6cm), and use of compression therapy (not used (0), intermittent use of stockings (+1), wears stockings most days (+2), and full compliance (+3)). A higher total score would indicate a worse outcome (total score can range from 0 to 30); the outcome is reported as the average (mean) scores at Baseline, 30D and 90D.
| score on a scale | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| Baseline | 18.0 ± 4.0 |
| 30-day | 13.0 ± 5.0 |
| 90-day | 13.0 ± 5.0 |
Assessment of the average (mean) change in rVCSS at 30D and 90D compared to Baseline. A severity score is assigned to each of ten attributes of venous disease; a total severity score is calculated by summing the individual attribute scores. The score is a composite based on a rating score of none (0), mild (+1), moderate (+2) and severe (+3) for symptoms and clinical signs, the number of active ulcers (0, +1, +2, \>/=3), duration of ulcers (\<3 months, \>3 months but \<1 year, not healed for \>1 year), active ulcer size (diameter \<2cm, diameter 2-6cm, and diameter \>6cm), and use of compression therapy (not used (0), intermittent use of stockings (+1), wears stockings most days (+2), and full compliance (+3)). An increase in total score over time would indicate a worse outcome; the outcome is reported as the average (mean) numeric change in score at 30D and 90D compared to the Baseline score (for Baseline scores refer to outcome measure "Average Revised Venous Clinical Severity Score").
| score on a scale | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| 30-day mean change in score from Baseline | -5.0 ± 3.0 |
| 90-day mean change in score from Baseline | -5.0 ± 4.0 |
Assessment of the average (mean) Villalta Scale Score at Baseline, 30D, and 90D. The score is a composite of 11 items based on a rating score of absent (0), mild (+1), moderate (+2) and severe (+3) for symptoms and clinical signs, and presence or absence of venous ulcers. Based on the possible rating scores of 0-3 for each item, the possible scale range for the 11 items is 0-33, where a higher Villalta Scale Score indicates a worse outcome; the outcome is reported as the average (mean) scores at Baseline, 30D and 90D. A total Villalta score of 0-4 indicates no disease (negative for PTS); a score of 5-9 indicates mild disease; a score of 10-14 indicates moderate disease; and a score of 15 or greater indicates severe disease.
| score on a scale | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| Baseline | 6.0 ± 5.0 |
| 30-day | 3.0 ± 3.0 |
| 90-day | 3.0 ± 4.0 |
Assessment of average (mean) change in Villalta Scale Score at 30D and 90D compared to Baseline. The score is a composite of 11 items based on a rating score of absent (0), mild (+1), moderate (+2) and severe (+3) for symptoms and clinical signs, and presence or absence of venous ulcers. Based on the possible rating scores of 0-3 for each item, the possible scale range for the 11 items is 0-33, where a higher Villalta Scale Score indicates a worse outcome; the outcome is reported as the average numeric change in score at 30D and 90D compared to the Baseline score (for Baseline scores refer to outcome measure "Average Villalta Scale Score"). A total Villalta score of 0-4 indicates no disease (negative for PTS); a score of 5-9 indicates mild disease; a score of 10-14 indicates moderate disease; and a score of 15 or greater indicates severe disease.
| score on a scale | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| 30-day change in score from Baseline | -4.0 ± 4.0 |
| 90-day change in score from Baseline | -3.0 ± 3.0 |
Assessment of the average (mean) VEINES-QoL/Sym Score at Baseline, 30D, 90D and 210D. The VEINES instrument consists of 35 items in 2 categories that generate two (2) separate summary scores for symptoms (VEINES-Sym) and quality of life (VEINES-QoL). Responses are made on a 2- to 7-point scale that rates intensity, frequency, and agreement. The scoring varies based on the following scores on a scale: Q1 (1-5, higher score is better); Q2/Q3 (1-6, higher score is better); Q4 (0-3, higher score is better); Q5 (1-2, higher score is better); Q6 (1-5, higher score is better); Q7 (1-6, higher score is worse/reverse scored when totaling the summary scores); Q8 (1-6, higher score is better). VEINES-QoL/Sym scores can range from 0-100, where higher scores indicate better outcomes (higher quality of life and less severe symptoms). The calculated mean VEINES-QoL/Sym scores at 30D, 90D and 210D post-procedure are provided.
| score on a scale | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| VEINES-Sym: Baseline | 50.0 ± 6.7 |
| VEINES-Sym: 30-day | 50.0 ± 6.9 |
| VEINES-Sym: 90-day | 50.0 ± 7.6 |
| VEINES-Sym: 210-day | 50.0 ± 4.0 |
| VEINES-QoL: Baseline | 50.0 ± 6.7 |
| VEINES-QoL: 30-day | 50.0 ± 6.9 |
| VEINES-QoL: 90-day | 50.0 ± 6.8 |
| VEINES-QoL: 210-day | 50.0 ± 2.9 |
Assessment of the change in the median (min, max) VEINES-QoL/Sym Score at 30D, 90D and 210D compared to Baseline. The VEINES instrument consists of 35 items in 2 categories that generate two (2) separate summary scores for symptoms (VEINES-Sym) and quality of life (VEINES-QoL). Responses are made on a 2- to 7-point scale that rates intensity, frequency, and agreement. The scoring varies based on the following scores on a scale: Q1 (1-5, higher score is better); Q2/Q3 (1-6, higher score is better); Q4 (0-3, higher score is better); Q5 (1-2, higher score is better); Q6 (1-5, higher score is better); Q7 (1-6, higher score is worse/reverse scored when totaling the summary scores); Q8 (1-6, higher score is better). The outcome is reported as the change in median (min, max) score at 30D, 90D and 210D compared to the Baseline score (for Baseline scores refer to outcome measure "Average VEINES-QoL/Sym Score").
| score on a scale | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| VEINES-Sym: 30-day change in median score from Baseline | 2.4 (-9.1 to 7.2) |
| VEINES-Sym: 90-day change in median score from Baseline | 1.8 (-8.8 to 9.4) |
| VEINES-Sym: 210-day change in median score from Baseline | -5.2 (-11.2 to 0.8) |
| VEINES-QoL: 30-day change in median score from Baseline | 0.8 (-5.9 to 6.4) |
| VEINES-QoL: 90-day change in median score from Baseline | 1.8 (-4.4 to 4.8) |
| VEINES-QoL: 210-day change in median score from Baseline | -5.1 (-11.1 to 0.9) |
Collected over Up to 210-days post-procedure (longest follow-up available at the time of trial termination). Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| BlueLeaf System | 0/11 (0%) | 3/11 (27.3%) | 11/11 (100%) |
| Event | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| HematomaInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 1/11 |
| Access site injuryInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 1/11 |
| Respiratory arrestInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 1/11 |
| Event | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| Autogenous Valve Formation RelatedSurgical and medical procedures | 7/11 |
| Access Site RelatedInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 5/11 |
| NauseaInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 1/11 |
| Bruising of hand and wristInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 1/11 |
| PainInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 1/11 |
| HypotensionInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 1/11 |
| BradycardiaCardiac disorders | 1/11 |
| Urinary Tract InfectionInfections and infestations | 1/11 |
| Bleeding at biopsy siteInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 1/11 |
| Infection of pre-existing ulcerInfections and infestations | 1/11 |
Clinical investigation was terminated prematurely by the Sponsor; the data is available for 11 subjects (which is the analysis cohort).
| Age, Continuous(years) | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| Mean | 67.0 ± 7.0 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| Female | 5 |
| Male | 6 |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected(Participants) | BlueLeaf System |
|---|
| Study Limb(Participants) | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| Right | 6 |
| Left | 5 |
| Duration of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)(years) | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| Mean | 12.2 ± 14.2 |
| Prior Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)(Participants) | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| Yes | 3 |
| No | 8 |
| Anticoagulant Use at Baseline(Participants) | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| Yes | 5 |
| No | 6 |
| Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology (CEAP) Classification(Participants) | BlueLeaf System |
|---|---|
| C3 - edema | 0 |
| C4 - changes in skin and subcutaneous tissue secondary to chronic venous disease | 3 |
| C5 - healed | 3 |
| C6 - active venous ulcer | 5 |
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Intervene, Inc.