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TerminatedNCT02932475MOMPODUpdated Jun 26, 2023Results posted

Medical Optimization of Management of Type 2 Diabetes Complicating Pregnancy (MOMPOD)

A Phase 3 interventional study of Metformin and Placebo in Diabetes and Pregnancy, sponsored by University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Terminated at 10 sites in United States. Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 45 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-06-26.

Sponsored by University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was terminated
Recommendation by the DSMB that the study be stopped for futility
Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
831
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 45 Years
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

Purpose: The objective of this proposal is to study the safety and efficacy of metformin added to insulin for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among pregnant women.

Participants: 950 pregnant women with type 2 diabetes complicating pregnancy from 10 U.S. clinical centers

Procedures (methods): Pregnant women with T2DM between 10 weeks and 22 weeks 6 days and a singleton fetus will be randomized to double-blinded insulin/placebo versus insulin/metformin. Primary outcome is composite adverse neonatal outcome (clinically relevant hypoglycemia, birth trauma, hyperbilirubinemia, stillbirth/neonatal death). Study visits monthly at clinical visits; blood draw at 24-30 weeks, newborn anthropometric measurements at less than 72 hours of life. Maternal and infant outcomes will be chart abstracted.

02

Conditions studied

  • Diabetes
  • Pregnancy

Keywords

  • Metformin
  • Glucophage
  • Riomet
  • Glumetza
  • Fortamet
  • Glucophage XR
03

In context

Pregnancy Complications

437 studies on the registry are indexed under Pregnancy Complications; 119 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 831 is above the median of 147 across 220 interventional studies indexed under Pregnancy Complications.

Browse Pregnancy Complications studies →

Lead sponsor

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill is the lead sponsor of 1,340 studies on the registry; 133 are open to participants now.

Of its 155 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 136 (88%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 45 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Maternal age 18-45 years
  • Singleton pregnancy with no known fetal anomalies
  • Gestational age between 10weeks 0 days and 22 weeks 6 days by menstrual dating confirmed by ultrasound, or ultrasound alone
  • Clinical diagnosis of preexisting T2DM requiring medical treatment (oral agent or insulin)
  • Clinical diagnosis of diabetes diagnosed between 10 weeks and \< 20 weeks 6 days gestation
  • Willing to start insulin therapy and discontinue oral hypoglycemic pills other than study pills
  • Able to swallow pills

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Clinical diagnosis of pre-existing renal disease, defined as creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL
  • Clinical history of lactic acidosis
  • Known allergy to metformin
  • Participation in another study that could affect primary outcome
  • Delivery planned at non-MOMPOD study locations
  • Unwillingness to use insulin treatment or follow prenatal care doctor's instructions for insulin and blood glucose monitoring
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
831 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Treatment

    Metformin 1000 mg twice a day

    Drug: Metformin

  • Sham comparator
    Placebo

    Placebo, identical to Metformin

    Drug: Placebo

Interventions

  • DrugMetformin

    1000 mg twice a day

    Also known as: Glumetza, Fortamet, Glucophage, Riomet

  • DrugPlacebo

    Delivered to match active drug

    Also known as: Sugar pill

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Number of Participants With Composite Adverse Neonatal Outcome

    Participants with one or more of the following: * capillary blood glucose level of \< 30 mg/dL or capillary blood glucose requiring medical treatment, or * Birth trauma (umbilical cord artery pH \< 7.0 or shoulder dystocia with brachial plexus injury), or * Hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, or * Deliver \< 37 weeks' gestation, or * Miscarry, are stillborn, experience a neonatal demise, or * Large for gestational age infant (birth weight \> 90th percentile for gestational age), or * Small for gestational age infant (birth weight \< 10th percentile for gestational age) or low birth weight (\< 2500 gm)

    Time frame: An average of 48 hours for term infants and 30 days for preterm infants

Secondary outcomes

  1. Number of Participants With Maternal Side Effects

    Secondary outcome of maternal side effects were defined as: * clinically relevant hypoglycemia defined as capillary blood glucose \< 60 or \< 80 with symptoms * GI side effects defined as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

    Time frame: Throughout study until delivery at 40 weeks gestation

  2. Mean Infant Fat Mass

    Neonatal fat mass measured by skin-fold thickness (anthropometrics).The circumference of the upper limb is the circumference of the upper arm, and the circumference of the lower limb equals the mean of the circumferences measured at the midthigh and calf. The volume of the subcutaneous layer of fat covering each cylinder is estimated by multiplying the length times the circumference times the layer of fat estimated by the skinfold measures. The triceps skinfold measure is used as an estimate of the fat thickness of the limbs, and the subscapular skinfold measure approximates the fat thickness of the trunk. Total body fat is estimated by summing the volumes of fat covering each of the cylinders and multiplying by 0.9 (the density of fat).

    Time frame: Within 72 hrs of birth

  3. Maternal Safety Based on Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

    Adverse maternal outcomes.

    Time frame: An average of 48 hours following delivery

  4. Neonatal Safety Based on Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

    Adverse neonatal outcomes

    Time frame: up to 28 days of life

07

Results

Posted May 24, 2023

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneMetforminPlacebo
Started416415
Randomized416415
Received intervention397397
Liveborn infants during study376370
Completed386382
Not completed3033

Outcome measures

PrimaryNumber of Participants With Composite Adverse Neonatal Outcome

Participants with one or more of the following: * capillary blood glucose level of \< 30 mg/dL or capillary blood glucose requiring medical treatment, or * Birth trauma (umbilical cord artery pH \< 7.0 or shoulder dystocia with brachial plexus injury), or * Hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, or * Deliver \< 37 weeks' gestation, or * Miscarry, are stillborn, experience a neonatal demise, or * Large for gestational age infant (birth weight \> 90th percentile for gestational age), or * Small for gestational age infant (birth weight \< 10th percentile for gestational age) or low birth weight (\< 2500 gm)

Time frame:
An average of 48 hours for term infants and 30 days for preterm infants
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Composite Adverse Neonatal Outcome
ParticipantsMetforminPlacebo
Number of Participants With Composite Adverse Neonatal Outcome269277
Statistical analysis
  • Metformin vs Placebo · Odds ratio (or): 0.86 · 95% CI 0.63 to 1.19The odds ratio was calculated and adjusted for study site, timing of diabetes diagnosis, gestational age at randomization stratified at 18 weeks, and baseline maternal BMI.
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Maternal Side Effects

Secondary outcome of maternal side effects were defined as: * clinically relevant hypoglycemia defined as capillary blood glucose \< 60 or \< 80 with symptoms * GI side effects defined as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Time frame:
Throughout study until delivery at 40 weeks gestation
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Maternal Side Effects
ParticipantsMetforminPlacebo
Clinically relevant hypoglycemia8785
Gastrointestinal side effects182171
Statistical analysis
  • Metformin vs Placebo · Chi-squared · p = 0.4 (The a priori threshold for statistical significance was \<0.05.) · Difference in proportions: 0.2
SecondaryMean Infant Fat Mass

Neonatal fat mass measured by skin-fold thickness (anthropometrics).The circumference of the upper limb is the circumference of the upper arm, and the circumference of the lower limb equals the mean of the circumferences measured at the midthigh and calf. The volume of the subcutaneous layer of fat covering each cylinder is estimated by multiplying the length times the circumference times the layer of fat estimated by the skinfold measures. The triceps skinfold measure is used as an estimate of the fat thickness of the limbs, and the subscapular skinfold measure approximates the fat thickness of the trunk. Total body fat is estimated by summing the volumes of fat covering each of the cylinders and multiplying by 0.9 (the density of fat).

Time frame:
Within 72 hrs of birth
Reported as:
Mean · kg
Mean Infant Fat Mass
kgMaternal MetforminMaternal Placebo
Mean Infant Fat Mass0.46 ± 0.30.5 ± 0.24
Statistical analysis
  • Maternal Metformin vs Maternal Placebo · t-test, 2 sided · p = 0.4 (The a priori threshold for statistical significance was \<0.05.) · Mean difference (final values): 0.04comparison of mean (sd) between groups
SecondaryMaternal Safety Based on Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

Adverse maternal outcomes.

Time frame:
An average of 48 hours following delivery
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Maternal Safety Based on Treatment Emergent Adverse Events
ParticipantsMetforminPlacebo
Any adverse event leading to early study agent discontinuation1320
Any adverse event associated with maternal death21
Any adverse event associated with fetal death1010
Any maternal serious adverse event113111
Any maternal non-serious adverse event149157
Statistical analysis
  • Metformin vs Placebo · Chi-squared · p = 0.6 (The a priori threshold for statistical significance is \<0.05.) · Difference in proportions: 0
SecondaryNeonatal Safety Based on Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

Adverse neonatal outcomes

Time frame:
up to 28 days of life
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Neonatal Safety Based on Treatment Emergent Adverse Events
ParticipantsMaternal MetforminMaternal Placebo
Any neonatal serious adverse event81105
Any neonatal non-serious adverse event157162
Statistical analysis
  • Maternal Metformin vs Maternal Placebo · Chi-squared · p = 0.08 (The a priori threshold for statistical significance is \<0.05.) · Difference in proportions: 0

Adverse events

Collected over For mothers, AEs were collected from time of randomization to time of hospital discharge after delivery, an average of 48 hours following delivery. For infants, from birth through 28 days of age.. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Maternal Metformin2/397 (0.5%)113/397 (28.5%)54/397 (13.6%)
Fetus of Mother Receiving Metformin10/397 (2.5%)0/397 (0%)0/397 (0%)
Infants Born to Mothers Receiving Metformin1/376 (0.3%)81/376 (21.5%)151/376 (40.2%)
Maternal Placebo1/397 (0.3%)111/397 (28%)57/397 (14.4%)
Fetus of Mother Receiving Placebo10/397 (2.5%)0/397 (0%)0/397 (0%)
Infants Born to Mothers Receiving Placebo2/370 (0.5%)105/370 (28.4%)151/370 (40.8%)
Most frequent serious events
Showing 10 of 91
Most frequent serious events
EventMaternal MetforminFetus of Mother Receiving MetforminInfants Born to Mothers Receiving MetforminMaternal PlaceboFetus of Mother Receiving PlaceboInfants Born to Mothers Receiving Placebo
PreeclampsiaPregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions44/3970/3970/37632/3970/3971/370
Preterm deliveryPregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions0/3970/39719/3762/3970/39722/370
Premature deliveryPregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions0/3970/39719/3760/3970/39722/370
HypoglycaemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders1/3970/3978/3762/3970/39713/370
Respiratory distressRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders0/3970/3974/3760/3970/3979/370
HyperglycemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders9/3970/3970/3767/3970/3970/370
Immature respiratory systemPregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions0/3970/3974/3760/3970/3978/370
JaundiceSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders0/3970/3971/3760/3970/3977/370
HypertensionVascular disorders7/3970/3971/3767/3970/3970/370
Neonatal respiratory failureRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders0/3970/3973/3760/3970/3975/370
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventMaternal MetforminFetus of Mother Receiving MetforminInfants Born to Mothers Receiving MetforminMaternal PlaceboFetus of Mother Receiving PlaceboInfants Born to Mothers Receiving Placebo
JaundiceSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders0/3970/39795/3760/3970/39797/370
HypoglycaemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders0/3970/39756/3761/3970/39754/370
HeadacheNervous system disorders31/3970/3970/37636/3970/3970/370
Abdominal painGastrointestinal disorders23/3970/3970/37620/3970/3970/370

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)MetforminPlaceboTotal
Mean32.8 ± 5.533.1 ± 5.732.9 ± 5.6
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)MetforminPlaceboTotal
Female397397794
Male000
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)MetforminPlaceboTotal
Hispanic or Latino203209412
Not Hispanic or Latino183176359
Unknown or Not Reported111223
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)MetforminPlaceboTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian000
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American116108224
White5557112
More than one race000
Unknown or Not Reported226232458
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(Participants)MetforminPlaceboTotal
United States397397794
08

Study locations

10 sites
  • University of Alabama
    Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
  • University of California - San Diego
    San Diego, California 92093, United States
  • University of Mississippi
    Jackson, Mississippi 38677, United States
  • Columbia University
    New York, New York 10027, United States
  • University of North Carolina
    Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
  • Ohio State University
    Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
  • University of Pennsylvania
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
  • University of Texas Medical Branch
    Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
  • University of Texas - Houston
    Houston, Texas 77030, United States
  • University of Utah
    Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Berry DC, Thomas SD, Dorman KF, Ivins AR, de Los Angeles Abreu M, Young L, Boggess K. Rationale, design, and methods for the Medical Optimization and Management of Pregnancies with Overt Type 2 Diabetes (MOMPOD) study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018 Dec 12;18(1):488. doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-2108-3. PubMed 30541506 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Jun 12, 2019

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 26, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02932475
Lead sponsor
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Collaborators
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 13, 2016
Start date
May 25, 2017
Primary completion
Jun 15, 2022
Completion
Jun 15, 2022
Results posted
May 24, 2023
Last update
Jun 26, 2023

Study contacts

Kim Boggess, MD
principal investigator · University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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