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WithdrawnNCT02843451Updated Dec 28, 2022

Milk Thistle in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A Phase 2 interventional study of Milk Thistle and Placebo in Body Dysmorphic Disorder, sponsored by University of Chicago. Withdrawn at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-12-28.

Sponsored by University of Chicago · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was withdrawn
Focus on other studies
Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
0
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The proposed study will consist of a 9 week double-blind cross-over study trial of milk thistle in 15 people (ages 18-65). The study will be divided into an initial 4 week phase, a one week wash out phase, and a second 4 week phase, with one of the 4 week phases consisting of active treatment with milk thistle, and the other 4 week phase consisting of inactive placebo treatment. Participants will be randomized to receive either milk thistle or placebo during the first 4 week phase on a 1:1 basis. This blinding will be maintained by the IDS pharmacy at the University of Chicago.

Read the detailed description

The goal of the proposed study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of silymarin (milk thistle) in adults with body dysmorphic disorder. The hypothesis to be tested is that silymarin will be more effective and well tolerated in adults with body dysmorphic disorder compared to placebo. The proposed study will provide needed data on the treatment of a disabling disorder that currently lacks a clearly effective treatment.

The primary aim of this application is to conduct a randomized placebo-controlled pharmacotherapy trial using silymarin (milk thistle) in 15 participants with body dysmorphic disorder. The study will consist of three phases: a 4 week active treatment phase with milk thistle, a 4 week placebo phase, and a one week wash out phase between the active and placebo phases. The subjects will be randomized to either receive active or placebo treatment in the first 4 weeks, and the other during the remaining 4 week phase.

This will be one of few studies assessing the use of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder in adults. Assessing the efficacy and safety of silymarin (milk thistle), will help inform clinicians about additional treatment options for adults suffering from this disorder.

02

Conditions studied

  • Body Dysmorphic Disorder
03

In context

Body Dysmorphic Disorders

56 studies on the registry are indexed under Body Dysmorphic Disorders; 11 are open to participants now.

Browse Body Dysmorphic Disorders studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Chicago is the lead sponsor of 924 studies on the registry; 185 are open to participants now.

Of its 103 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 72 (70%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Males and females age 18-65
  • Diagnosis of current body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) based on criteria and confirmed using the clinician-administered Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID)
  • Able and willing to provide written consent for participation

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unstable medical illness as determined by the investigator
  • History of seizures
  • suicidality (defined by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale)
  • Baseline score greater than or equal to 17 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (17-item HDRS)
  • Lifetime history of bipolar disorder type I or II, schizophrenia, autism, any psychotic disorder, or any substance use disorder
  • Initiation of psychotherapy of behavior therapy within 3 months prior to study baseline
  • Previous treatment with milk thistle
  • Any history of psychiatric hospitalization in the past year
  • Currently pregnant (confirmed by urine pregnancy test)
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

DSM diagnostic criteria

The American Psychiatric Association’s manual of mental health diagnoses. DSM-5 (2013, revised as DSM-5-TR in 2022) replaced DSM-IV, and some studies still name the older edition. “Meets DSM criteria for …” means diagnosed by that edition’s diagnostic criteria, usually by a clinician in an interview.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
0 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Silymarin (Milk Thistle)

    Each subject will have a 4 week treatment phase with milk thistle.

    Drug: Milk Thistle

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo

    4 week placebo phase before or after milk thistle phase depending on randomization.

    Drug: Placebo

Interventions

  • Also known as: Silymarin

  • DrugPlacebo

    Also known as: Sugar Pill

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS)

    The entire study for the subject will last 9 weeks. Every four weeks and after the one week washout period the subject will take the BDD-YBOCS. The change in scores from baseline to after 9 weeks will be assessed. The scale itself assesses severity of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms.

    Time frame: Baseline and 9 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Clinical Global Impression- Severity and Improvement (CGI)

    The entire study for the subject will last 9 weeks. Every four weeks and after the one week washout period the subject will complete the CGI. The change in scores from baseline to after 9 weeks will be assessed. The scale itself assesses overall disorder severity.

    Time frame: Baseline and 9 weeks

  2. Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)

    The entire study for the subject will last 9 weeks. Every four weeks and after the one week washout period the subject will complete the SDS. The change in scores from baseline to after 9 weeks will be assessed. The scale itself assesses the level of disability from body dysmorphic disorder (or target disorder)

    Time frame: Baseline and 9 weeks

  3. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)

    The entire study for the subject will last 9 weeks. Every four weeks and after the one week washout period the subject will complete the HAM-A. The change in scores from baseline to after 9 weeks will be assessed. The scale itself assesses level of anxiety.

    Time frame: Baseline and 9 weeks

  4. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)

    The entire study for the subject will last 9 weeks. Every four weeks and after the one week washout period the subject will complete the HAM-D. The change in scores from baseline to after 9 weeks will be assessed. The scale itself assesses level of depression.

    Time frame: Baseline and 9 weeks

07

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Chicago
    Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Phillips KA, McElroy SL, Keck PE Jr, Pope HG Jr, Hudson JI. Body dysmorphic disorder: 30 cases of imagined ugliness. Am J Psychiatry. 1993 Feb;150(2):302-8. doi: 10.1176/ajp.150.2.302. PubMed 8422082 ↗
  • Buchanan BG, Rossell SL, Maller JJ, Toh WL, Brennan S, Castle DJ. Brain connectivity in body dysmorphic disorder compared with controls: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Psychol Med. 2013 Dec;43(12):2513-21. doi: 10.1017/S0033291713000421. Epub 2013 Mar 11. PubMed 23473554 ↗
  • Dunai J, Labuschagne I, Castle DJ, Kyrios M, Rossell SL. Executive function in body dysmorphic disorder. Psychol Med. 2010 Sep;40(9):1541-8. doi: 10.1017/S003329170999198X. Epub 2009 Dec 2. PubMed 19951448 ↗
  • Phillips KA, Albertini RS, Rasmussen SA. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in body dysmorphic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;59(4):381-8. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.59.4.381. PubMed 11926939 ↗
  • Phillips KA. Pharmacologic treatment of body dysmorphic disorder: review of the evidence and a recommended treatment approach. CNS Spectr. 2002 Jun;7(6):453-60, 463. doi: 10.1017/s109285290001796x. PubMed 15107767 ↗
  • Yaghmaei P, Oryan S, Mohammadi K, Solati J. Role of serotonergic system on modulation of depressogenic-like effects of silymarine. Iran J Pharm Res. 2012 Winter;11(1):331-7. PubMed 24250456 ↗
  • Lu P, Mamiya T, Lu L, Mouri A, Niwa M, Kim HC, Zou LB, Nagai T, Yamada K, Ikejima T, Nabeshima T. Silibinin attenuates cognitive deficits and decreases of dopamine and serotonin induced by repeated methamphetamine treatment. Behav Brain Res. 2010 Mar 5;207(2):387-93. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.10.024. Epub 2009 Oct 24. PubMed 19857526 ↗
  • Seamans JK, Yang CR. The principal features and mechanisms of dopamine modulation in the prefrontal cortex. Prog Neurobiol. 2004 Sep;74(1):1-58. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.05.006. Erratum In: Prog Neurobiol. 2004 Dec;74(5):321. PubMed 15381316 ↗
  • Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, Hergueta T, Baker R, Dunbar GC. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 Suppl 20:22-33;quiz 34-57. PubMed 9881538 ↗
  • Phillips KA, Hollander E, Rasmussen SA, Aronowitz BR, DeCaria C, Goodman WK. A severity rating scale for body dysmorphic disorder: development, reliability, and validity of a modified version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1997;33(1):17-22. PubMed 9133747 ↗
  • HAMILTON M. The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol. 1959;32(1):50-5. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x. No abstract available. PubMed 13638508 ↗
  • Burker EJ, Evon DM, Marroquin Loiselle M, Finkel JB, Mill MR. Coping predicts depression and disability in heart transplant candidates. J Psychosom Res. 2005 Oct;59(4):215-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.06.055. Erratum In: J Psychosom Res. 2006 Jul;61(1):137. Marroquin Losielle, Marci [corrected to Marroquin Loiselle, Marci]. J Psychosom Res. 2006 Mar;60(3):319. PubMed 16223624 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Dec 28, 2022, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02843451
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jul 25, 2016
Start date
Oct 2016
Primary completion
Oct 2023 (estimated)
Completion
Oct 2023 (estimated)
Last update
Dec 28, 2022

Study contacts

Jon E Grant, JD, MD, MPH
principal investigator · University of Chicago

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is withdrawn, as verified in Dec 2022. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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Studies of the drug tested here: Milk-thistle extract

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