An observational study in Emergency Department Overcrowding, sponsored by Baylor Research Institute. Terminated. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 100 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-02-18.
Sponsored by Baylor Research Institute · Observational
The aim of this study is to externally validate a new emergency department overcrowding estimation tool (SONET) developed at John Peter Smith Health Network (JPS).
In recent years, emergency department (ED) overcrowding has become more and more common in regional and tertiary referral hospitals. ED overcrowding status significantly affects ED operational efficiency, resulting in ambulance diversion, increased ED 72h return visits, patient satisfaction, and left without being seen (LWBS) rates.
Several estimation tools were derived to determine ED overcrowding status using various operational parameters such as, but not limited to, total number of ED patients, total ED admission holds, nursing staff, and patient injury severity. However, these tools cannot precisely evaluate ED overcrowding status, nor show strong correlations with ED operational inefficiency. The National Emergency Department Overcrowding Study (NEDOCS) is a widely used estimation tool to determine ED overcrowding status with relatively high consistency rates. However, the study was not able to evaluate interrater reliability since no standard definition of overcrowding existed.
An ED overcrowding estimation tool, SONET, was developed and internally validated at JPS and showed more consistency and accuracy when compared to estimation rates utilizing NEDOCS. All things considered, it is worthwhile to perform a survey study to determine the interrater variability between different evaluators for an ED overcrowding evaluation tool, one utilizing all possible collectible operational variables. In order to minimize the bias and further determine the accuracy of evaluating ED overcrowding status, a multi-center external validation study is warranted. This study will extend to six sites for the purpose of externally validating JPS' novel ED overcrowding estimation tool, SONET, by comparing its overcrowding estimation rates with those derived utilizing NEDOCS.
1,692 studies on the registry are indexed under Emergencies; 333 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 7,000 is above the median of 353 across 714 observational studies indexed under Emergencies.
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Of its 23 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 9 (39%) have results posted.
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all adult patients visiting any one of the six participating sites (one JPS ED or urgent care clinic or one of five Baylor emergency departments or urgent care clinics) during the allocated one month time period
Exclusion Criteria:
study sample at JPS included for analysis
study sample at Baylor University Medical Center Dallas included for analysis
study sample at Baylor University Medical Center Gardin included for analysis
study sample at Baylor University Medical Center Waxahachie included for analysis
study sample at Baylor University Medical Center Carrolton included for analysis
study sample at Baylor University Medical Center McKinney included for analysis
left without being seen disposition chart review
LWBS refers to patients who have been called at least three times, using 20 minute intervals, to occupy an ED exam bed, however, do not respond. If after the third attempt the patient responds, the investigators will consider this a new patient registration/encounter. These data will be collected for each patient during the study period during initial ED registration and upon ED disposition.
Time frame: 30 days
emergency department 72 hour return chart review
ED 72h return will be defined to patients who re-register to the same ED as a new patient (unplanned) within 72h of a previous departure, regardless of the complaint. Planned ED revisits within 72h will be excluded. These data will be collected during initial ED registration during study period and will follow up each patient at least 72h post-discharge.
Time frame: 30 days
emergency department mortality
Time frame: 30 days
hospital mortality
Time frame: 30 days
emergency department length of stay
Time frame: 30 days
patient satisfaction survey
Patient satisfaction will be measured using Qualitick (Clearwater, FL), a real-time patient satisfaction program reporting tool using a Likert scale format. Patient will complete their Qualitick survey upon departure from ED regardless of their ED dispositions (e.g. transfer to inpatient service, discharge to home, transfer to another facility, etc.). Patients, or patient designees, will use a tablet to answer a series of questions. Patients, or their designees, have the option of omitting their name to ensure their information is kept anonymous.
Time frame: 30 days
physician empathy scale
Jefferson Physician Empathy Scale, available online, will be conducted by ED staff and compared with 1) staff working different shifts with different levels of crowding; 2) the norms; 3) staff working a more balanced schedule (roughly equal numbers of day, evening, and night shifts); and 4) attending physicians versus nursing staff versus residents. Average scores will be used to determine any differences among groups. The measurement tool will be repeated 6-9 months later to determine whether dynamic changes have occurred and whether an association exists with respect to changes in operation efficiency as a function of relative ED crowding at the individual physician level during the study period. The investigators recognize that the inclusion of the psychometric tests will be, to some extent, exploratory and the most important assessment will be the simple descriptive display of the mean scores (and standard deviations).
Time frame: 30 days
No study locations are listed for this record.
Plan to share: No
This study is terminated, as verified in Nov 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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