CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT02586142Updated Oct 26, 2015

Botulinum Toxin Injections by Ultrasounds Guidance and Stretching Exercise in Spastic Toe Clawing

A Phase 3 interventional study of Botulinum Toxin Type A and Stretching exercise in Cerebrovascular Accident, sponsored by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Completed at 1 site in Taiwan. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2015-10-26.

Sponsored by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
30
Allocation
Randomized
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Claw toes deformity result in spasticity often seem in patients with central nerve disease. It also cause pressure sore in foot and pain during walking that didn't well improve under traditional treatment. There are few relative reports about the Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection on claw toe. The investigators' study has two main purposes:

  1. assess the efficiency of BTX-A injection under ultrasonographyic guidance on improving lower extremities function, pain and spasticity in patients with symptomatic claw toes.
  2. assess if regular stretching exercise can strength the efficiency of BTX-A injection on improving lower extremities function, pain and spasticity.
Read the detailed description

The investigators will enroll 50 hemiplegic stroke patients met the inclusion criteria(onset more than 6 month, lower extremity Brunnstrome stage more than stage IV, walking without assistance devices and pain during walking due to claw toe. The investigators will focus and inject BTX-A with ultrasonographyic guidance on flexor digitorum longus and brevis(both 50 unit). If patients combine ankle plantar flexors spasticity, the investigators will inject another 50 unit on both the medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius . Every patients will receive regular stretching exercise in hospital and do self stretching exercise at home for 3 months after injection. Patients will be evaluated at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection. Outcome measure include severity of spasticity and pain, sensory and motor function, range of motion, functional assessment of lower extremity and analyze pressure under foot.

02

Conditions studied

  • Cerebrovascular Accident

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • spasticity
  • claw toe
  • ultrasounds guidance
  • botulinum toxin
  • stretching exercise
03

In context

Stroke

7,283 studies on the registry are indexed under Stroke; 2,013 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 30 is below the median of 50 across 5,366 interventional studies indexed under Stroke.

Browse Stroke studies →

Lead sponsor

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital is the lead sponsor of 1,064 studies on the registry; 235 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
Child (0–17), Adult (18–64), Older adult (65+)
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Patient with spasticity toe clawing(metatarsophalange jointextension, proximal and distal phalange joint flexion)
  • MAS scale of metatarsophalange joint and interphalangeal joint more than 2
  • Pain during walking, abnormal gait patterns and can't wear shoess due to claw toe
  • Haven't received botox or phenol or alcohol injections before

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Lower extremities joint contrature, bone deformity
  • Had received botox injections or phenol injections or before due to lower extremities spasticity
  • Combine other neuromuscular system disease
  • Severe cognition disorder or aphasia after stroke
  • Significant atrophy of flexor digitorum longus and brevis
  • Allergy to botox
  • Infection on injection site
  • Have systemic infection
  • Now accept aminioglycoside or other medicine will affect neuromusclar transition
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
30 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A) injection

    To inject Botulinum toxin type A on the spasticity lower extremities for participants by ultrasounds guidance.

    Drug: Botulinum Toxin Type A

  • Active comparator
    BTX-A injection plus stretching exercise

    Inject Botulinum toxin type A on the spasticity lower extremity for participants by ultrasounds guidance. After injection, arrange them to receive stretching exercise in Kaoshiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 3 time per week for 3 months.

    Drug: Botulinum Toxin Type A · Other: Stretching exercise

Interventions

  • DrugBotulinum Toxin Type A

    To inject Botulinum toxin type A on the spasticity lower extremity for stroke patients by ultrasounds guidance.

    Also known as: Botulinum toxin

  • OtherStretching exercise

    After accepting Botulinum toxin type A injection, participants will be arranged to receive stretch exercise in Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 3 times per week, for 3 month.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Spasticity severity scale

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection 0=none, 1=mild, 2= median, 3=severe

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

Secondary outcomes

  1. Sensory function scale

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection 0=no feeling, 1=abnormal, 2= normal

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

  2. Brunnstrome stage

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

  3. Manual muscle test

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection including toe flexion/ extension, ankle plantar flexion/ dorsiflexion

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

  4. Functional ambulation classification scale

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

  5. Active range of motion measured by goniometer

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

  6. Modified Ashworth scale(MAS)

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

  7. Pain severity measurement recorded by VAS

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection 0=no pain; 100=maximum

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

  8. To develop a questionnaire (ABILOCO questionnaire)

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection. Its a Rasch-built 13-item questionnaire to assess locomotion ability in stroke patients.

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

  9. Berg Balance test

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

  10. Get up and go test

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

  11. 10-meter walking test

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

  12. Fugl-Meyer Assessment

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

  13. Barthel Index

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

  14. 6 minute walking test

    patients will be evaluated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year after injection

    Time frame: Change from Baseline data at 1 year

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
    Kaohsiung, Taiwan
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Yelnik AP, Bonan IV. [Post stroke hemiplegia: lower limb benefit from botulinum toxin (review)]. Ann Readapt Med Phys. 2003 Jul;46(6):281-5. doi: 10.1016/s0168-6054(03)00111-9. French. PubMed 12928130 ↗
  • Rivera-Dominguez M, DiBenedetto M, Frisbie JH, Rossier AB. Pes cavus and claw toes deformity in patients with spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis. Paraplegia. 1979 Feb;16(4):375-82. doi: 10.1038/sc.1978.71. PubMed 431969 ↗
  • Mizel MS, Yodlowski ML. Disorders of the Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joints. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1995 May;3(3):166-173. doi: 10.5435/00124635-199505000-00006. PubMed 10790665 ↗
  • Feeney MS, Williams RL, Stephens MM. Selective lengthening of the proximal flexor tendon in the management of acquired claw toes. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001 Apr;83(3):335-8. doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.83b3.11506. PubMed 11341415 ↗
  • Boulton AJ. Pressure and the diabetic foot: clinical science and offloading techniques. Am J Surg. 2004 May;187(5A):17S-24S. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9610(03)00297-6. PubMed 15147987 ↗
  • Myerson MS, Shereff MJ. The pathological anatomy of claw and hammer toes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989 Jan;71(1):45-9. PubMed 2913002 ↗
  • Truckenbrodt H, Hafner R, von Altenbockum C. Functional joint analysis of the foot in juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1994 Sep-Oct;12 Suppl 10:S91-6. PubMed 7955636 ↗
  • Cyphers SM, Feiwell E. Review of the Girdlestone-Taylor procedure for clawtoes in myelodysplasia. Foot Ankle. 1988 Apr;8(5):229-33. doi: 10.1177/107110078800800501. PubMed 3366427 ↗
  • Bernbach EH, Bernbach MR. A box joint arthrodesis for the proximal interphalangeal joint in claw toe deformity. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1985 Nov;75(11):575-80. doi: 10.7547/87507315-75-11-575. No abstract available. PubMed 4067859 ↗
  • Gracies JM, Elovic E, McGuire J, Simpson DM. Traditional pharmacological treatments for spasticity. Part I: Local treatments. Muscle Nerve Suppl. 1997;6:S61-91. PubMed 9826983 ↗
  • Gajiwala KJ, Sams SB, Pandya N, Wagh A. A new dynamic lumbrical simulating splint for claw hand deformity. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991 Jan;87(1):170-3. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199101000-00030. PubMed 1984264 ↗
  • Gracies JM, Nance P, Elovic E, McGuire J, Simpson DM. Traditional pharmacological treatments for spasticity. Part II: General and regional treatments. Muscle Nerve Suppl. 1997;6:S92-120. PubMed 9826984 ↗
  • O'Brien CF. Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin. Clin J Pain. 2002 Nov-Dec;18(6 Suppl):S182-90. doi: 10.1097/00002508-200211001-00011. PubMed 12569967 ↗
  • Jankovic J. Botulinum toxin in clinical practice. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004 Jul;75(7):951-7. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.034702. PubMed 15201348 ↗
  • Korelitz BI, Sommers SC. Responses to drug therapy in ulcerative colitis. Evaluation by rectal biopsy and histopathological changes. Am J Gastroenterol. 1975 Nov;64(5):365-70. PubMed 2008 ↗
  • Stoquart GG, Detrembleur C, Palumbo S, Deltombe T, Lejeune TM. Effect of botulinum toxin injection in the rectus femoris on stiff-knee gait in people with stroke: a prospective observational study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Jan;89(1):56-61. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.131. PubMed 18164331 ↗
  • Lim EC, Ong BK, Seet RC. Botulinum toxin-A injections for spastic toe clawing. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2006 Jan;12(1):43-7. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.06.008. Epub 2005 Sep 29. PubMed 16198612 ↗
  • Suputtitada A. Local botulinum toxin type A injections in the treatment of spastic toes. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 Oct;81(10):770-5. doi: 10.1097/00002060-200210000-00009. PubMed 12362118 ↗
  • Chin TY, Nattrass GR, Selber P, Graham HK. Accuracy of intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A in juvenile cerebral palsy: a comparison between manual needle placement and placement guided by electrical stimulation. J Pediatr Orthop. 2005 May-Jun;25(3):286-91. doi: 10.1097/01.bpo.0000150819.72608.86. PubMed 15832139 ↗
  • Molloy FM, Shill HA, Kaelin-Lang A, Karp BI. Accuracy of muscle localization without EMG: implications for treatment of limb dystonia. Neurology. 2002 Mar 12;58(5):805-7. doi: 10.1212/wnl.58.5.805. PubMed 11889247 ↗
  • O'Brien CF. Injection techniques for botulinum toxin using electromyography and electrical stimulation. Muscle Nerve Suppl. 1997;6:S176-80. PubMed 9826989 ↗
  • Berweck S, Schroeder AS, Fietzek UM, Heinen F. Sonography-guided injection of botulinum toxin in children with cerebral palsy. Lancet. 2004 Jan 17;363(9404):249-50. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15351-2. No abstract available. PubMed 14738817 ↗
  • Schroeder AS, Berweck S, Lee SH, Heinen F. Botulinum toxin treatment of children with cerebral palsy - a short review of different injection techniques. Neurotox Res. 2006 Apr;9(2-3):189-96. doi: 10.1007/BF03033938. PubMed 16785117 ↗
  • Sconfienza LM, Perrone N, Lacelli F, Lentino C, Serafini G. Ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of iliopsoas spasticity. J Ultrasound. 2008 Sep;11(3):113-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jus.2008.05.002. Epub 2008 Jul 3. PubMed 23396653 ↗
  • Rivest J, Lees AJ, Marsden CD. Writer's cramp: treatment with botulinum toxin injections. Mov Disord. 1991;6(1):55-9. doi: 10.1002/mds.870060110. PubMed 2005922 ↗
  • Critchfield J. Considering the immune response to botulinum toxin. Clin J Pain. 2002 Nov-Dec;18(6 Suppl):S133-41. doi: 10.1097/00002508-200211001-00004. PubMed 12569960 ↗
09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 26, 2015, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02586142
Lead sponsor
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 26, 2015
Start date
Aug 2010
Primary completion
Jul 2013
Completion
Jul 2013
Last update
Oct 26, 2015

Study contacts

Pong Ya-Ping, MD
study chair · Rehabilitation

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2010. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion