An interventional study of Trickle Up and Trickle Up Plus in Child Abuse and Child Maltreatment, sponsored by University of Chicago. Completed at 1 site in Burkina Faso. Open to participants aged 10 Years to 15 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-12-31.
Sponsored by University of Chicago · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
This study tests the effects of family-based economic empowerment intervention, alone and in combination with child rights sensitization component, on child protective outcomes among ultra-poor families in Nord Region, Burkina Faso.
This study evaluates a combined economic empowerment and child rights intervention to prevent violence against children and exploitation of children in ultra-poor communities in Burkina Faso. This evaluation study takes place in the Nord Region of Burkina Faso which is located in the Sahel Desert on the border to Mali. The Nord Region is characterized by extreme poverty and an ongoing food and nutrition crisis due to cyclical droughts. Extreme poverty heightens risks of violence and exploitation of children, particularly girls, who may end up in the worst forms of child labor as defined by the UN (e.g., slavery, debt bondage, forced or hazardous work in gold mines, cotton fields, or plantations in the Ivory Coast or in the South of Burkina Faso, involving physical deprivation and violence). About 1.25 million (or 37.8%) of children ages 5-14 in Burkina Faso are working to augment the incomes of their families, or because their families are too poor to support them. Adolescent girls being sent away to work as maids, facing risks of sexual exploitation and abuse. Boys being sent to religious schools madrassas, where they are made to do unpaid and/or hazardous work including begging in the street, and are subject to physical abuse.
The study employs a 3-arm cluster (group) randomized control trial design with baseline and one-year follow-up and includes 360 households (120 households per arm). Each selected household includes a female primary caregiver with a child between the ages of 10-15 who is also able to participate in the evaluation study. The study evaluates the efficacy of an economic empowerment program (Trickle Up) and a combination economic empowerment and child rights sensitization program (Trickle Up Plus) to prevent child separation and potential subsequent exposure to exploitation, abuse, and hazardous working conditions among children. Randomization occurred at the village level to assign households to three study arms: Trickle Up, Trickle Up Plus or the wait-list condition which serves as the control arm. Participants were recruited from 12 impoverished comparable villages that were selected based on socio-economic status (poverty ranking and food insecurity), geography, population size, and distance from urban center. Within these communities, families living in ultra-poverty were identified using a Participatory Wealth Ranking (PWR) exercise.
The evaluation study is implemented in partnership with the Trickle Up organization, Women's Refugee Council (WRC), and Aide aux Enfants et aux Families Démunies (ADEFAD).
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Households that meet the following eligibility criteria will be invited to participate in the study:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants are also excluded from participation in the study if the child or the parent is assessed to have a cognitive impairment that would interfere with their ability to provide informed consent and participate in the study.
Economic empowerment
Behavioral: Trickle Up
Economic empowerment + child rights sensitization
Behavioral: Trickle Up Plus
Women in villages assigned to the control arm do not receive any intervention during the study period, but are placed on a wait-list to receive the intervention upon completion of the evaluation phase.
Female caregivers (mothers) receive a package of interventions on economic empowerment and livelihood strengthening: * Savings group formation and training for a group of 15-25 women which provides a place to save, take out emergency loans and builds community networks and social capital; * Provision of seed grants to assist in business start-ups through microfinance loans; * One-on-one mentoring and coaching on livelihood development, which is held on a bi-weekly or monthly basis; * Trainings on financial planning and household livelihoods.
In addition to the economic empowerment program for women (Trickle Up), all members of the household assigned to Trickle Up+ arm receive sensitization component on beliefs and knowledge related to protection of children from violence and exploitation. Training sessions are developed and delivered by a local organization, Aide aux Enfants et aux Familles Démunies (ADEFAD). Sessions involve all members of the household and focus on knowledge and cultural norms associated with child protective outcomes (e.g. the dangers of child separation such as sending children away for work, the importance of education for girls, risks of child and forced marriage).
Change in Child Protection
Questions assess children's labor-related family separation, early and forced marriage, involvement in child labor and exposure to the Worst Forms of Child Labor (e.g. slavery, debt bondage, serfdom, transactional sex, forced or hazardous work). Questions adapted from International Labour Organization (ILO)'s Statistical Information and Monitoring Programme on Child Labour (SIMPOC) Survey.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 months, 24 months
Change in Exposure to Child Abuse
Exposure to physical and emotional violence is measured using the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Screening Tool (Child Abuse Screening Tool, Children's Version / ICASTCH).
Time frame: Baseline, 12 months, 24 months
Change in Child Mental Health
Child's emotional well-being and mental health problems (depression, post-traumatic symptoms and low self-esteem) are measured using Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES).
Time frame: Baseline, 12 months, 24 months
Change in Mother's Level of Depression
Change in mother's level of depression is assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire / PHQ-9
Time frame: Baseline, 12 months, 24 months
Change in Mother's Level of Anxiety
Change in mother's level of anxiety is assessed by GAD-7 Anxiety
Time frame: Baseline, 12 months, 24 months
This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2023. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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