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CompletedNCT02229552Updated Oct 26, 2020Results posted

Habituation to Food as a Risk Factor for Pediatric Obesity

An interventional study of Standardized Assessments in Obesity in Children, sponsored by State University of New York at Buffalo. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 8 Years to 12 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-10-26.

Sponsored by State University of New York at Buffalo · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
237
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
8 Years to 12 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The study is designed to assess habituation of behavioral responding for food as risk factors for increases in Standardized Body Mass Index (zBMI) over two years in non-overweight children.

Read the detailed description

Cross sectional data have shown slower habituation is related to greater energy intake, and habituation is slower for overweight/obese compared to leaner youth, but it is not known whether this is a result of being overweight, or whether slower habituation is a risk factor for weight gain. The goal of this application is to study individual differences in behavioral (responding for food) habituation as risk factors for alterations in zBMI and body fat over a two year period in 200, 8 to 12 year-old non-overweight children. This project will provide the first test of the hypothesis that slow habituation to food is a risk factor for increases in zBMI in non-overweight youth.

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Conditions studied

  • Obesity in Children
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In context

Obesity

6,296 studies on the registry are indexed under Obesity; 1,695 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 237 is above the median of 78 across 4,878 interventional studies indexed under Obesity.

Browse Obesity studies →

Lead sponsor

State University of New York at Buffalo is the lead sponsor of 287 studies on the registry; 65 are open to participants now.

Of its 19 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 15 (79%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
8 Years to 12 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • 8-12 years of age
  • Participants will include children who are at the 50th BMI percentile and less than the 85th BMI percentile (BMI = kg/m2) at baseline. We will also include children who are below the 50th percentile, but have at least one biological parent with a current BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Food allergies or special diets: Youth should have no dietary restrictions that could interfere with these experiments, including food allergies or religious or ethnic practices that limit food choice or medical conditions which alter nutritional status or intestinal absorption (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease).
  • Activity restrictions: Children who have activity restrictions due to medical or physical problems, such as uncontrolled exercise induced asthma or a disability requiring wheelchair use will not participate.
  • Psychopathology, medications or sickness: Children should have no psychopathology (e.g. childhood schizophrenia) or developmental disabilities that would limit participation. Children will also be excluded if they are taking medications that could affect their level of activity or appetite (e.g. methylphenidate).
  • Moderate or greater liking of study foods. Children must report at least a moderate liking ( 3 or greater on a 5-point Likert-type scale) of the foods used in these studies and be willing to consume them.
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
237 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Other
    Baseline Cohort

    Children completed body weight and other measures at baseline, 1-year follow up and 2-year follow up measurement periods.

    Other: Standardized Assessments

Interventions

  • OtherStandardized Assessments

    Children were asked to attend appointments without consuming study foods 24 hours previously, as habituation measurements are sensitive to recent consumption. Children were provided access to snack prior to completing questionnaires or cognitive assessments. Habituation to food, questionnaires and cognitive assessments were re-measured at 1-year and 2-year follow up.

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in zBMI

    To assess the rate of habituation of behavioral responding to savory, sweet and salty foods as independent or interactive risk factors for zBMI trajectories, with the hypothesis that the rate of habituation of behavioral responding for food predicts zBMI trajectories over time, controlling for child gender, parental education, parental BMI, physical activity, ethnicity, the reinforcing value of food and eating in the absence of hunger.

    Time frame: 2 years

07

Results

Posted Oct 26, 2020

Participant flow

Baseline
Participant flow — Baseline
MilestoneBaseline Cohort
Started237
Completed231
Not completed6
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject6
1-year Follow up
Participant flow — 1-year Follow up
MilestoneBaseline Cohort
Started231
Completed206
Not completed25
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject7
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up18
2-Year Follow up
Participant flow — 2-Year Follow up
MilestoneBaseline Cohort
Started231
Completed205
Not completed26
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject9
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up17

Outcome measures

PrimaryChange in zBMI

To assess the rate of habituation of behavioral responding to savory, sweet and salty foods as independent or interactive risk factors for zBMI trajectories, with the hypothesis that the rate of habituation of behavioral responding for food predicts zBMI trajectories over time, controlling for child gender, parental education, parental BMI, physical activity, ethnicity, the reinforcing value of food and eating in the absence of hunger.

Time frame:
2 years
Reported as:
Mean · z-score
Change in zBMI
z-scoreBaseline Cohort
Baseline Measures-0.048 ± 0.744
1-year follow up measures0.013 ± 0.759
2-year follow up measures0.011 ± 0.807
Statistical analysis
  • Baseline Cohort · ANOVA · p = 0.051 · Mean difference (final values): 3.00

Adverse events

Collected over 2 years. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Baseline Cohort0/237 (0%)0/237 (0%)0/237 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Baseline Cohort
Mean10.45 ± 1.44
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Baseline Cohort
Female120
Male111
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Baseline Cohort
Hispanic or Latino14
Not Hispanic or Latino215
Unknown or Not Reported2
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Baseline Cohort
American Indian or Alaska Native0
Asian4
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander0
Black or African American33
White170
More than one race22
Unknown or Not Reported2
Height
Height(Centimeters)Baseline Cohort
Mean142.89 ± 11.4
Weight
Weight(pounds)Baseline Cohort
Mean78.33 ± 18.28
Body Mass Index
Body Mass Index(kg/m^2)Baseline Cohort
Mean17.15 ± 1.77
Body Composition
Body Composition(Percent body fat)Baseline Cohort
Mean16.52 ± 5.95

1 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.

08

Study locations

1 site
  • University at Buffalo
    Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Epstein LH, Carr KA, O'Brien A, Paluch RA, Temple JL. High reinforcing value of food is related to slow habituation to food. Eat Behav. 2020 Aug;38:101414. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101414. Epub 2020 Jul 29. PubMed 32799072 ↗
  • Epstein LH, Carr KA, Scheid JL, Gebre E, O'Brien A, Paluch RA, Temple JL. Taste and food reinforcement in non-overweight youth. Appetite. 2015 Aug;91:226-32. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.050. Epub 2015 Apr 16. PubMed 25891040 ↗
  • Kong KL, Feda DM, Eiden RD, Epstein LH. Origins of food reinforcement in infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Mar;101(3):515-22. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.093237. Epub 2015 Jan 14. PubMed 25733636 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 26, 2020, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02229552
Lead sponsor
State University of New York at Buffalo
Responsible party
Leonard Epstein (Principal Investigator, State University of New York at Buffalo) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 1, 2014
Start date
Nov 2012
Primary completion
Apr 2014
Completion
Apr 2014
Results posted
Oct 26, 2020
Last update
Oct 26, 2020

Study contacts

Leonard Epstein, Ph.D.
principal investigator · University at Buffalo

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2020. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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