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Active, not recruitingNCT02105766Updated Aug 18, 2026Results posted

Nonmyeloablative Peripheral Blood Mobilized Hematopoietic Precursor Cell Transplantation for Sickle Cell Disease and Beta-thalassemia in People With Higher Risk of Transplant Failure

A Phase 2 interventional study of Alemtuzumab and Sirolimus in Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia and Stem Cell Transplantation, sponsored by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Active, not recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 4 Years to 80 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-18.

Sponsored by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
56
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
4 Years to 80 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Background:

- Some sickle cell disease or beta-thalassemia can be cured with transplant. Researchers want to test a variation of transplant that uses low dose radiation and a combination of immunosuppressive drugs. They want to know if it helps a body to better accept donor stem cells.

Objectives:

- To see if low dose radiation (300 rads), oral cyclophosphamide, pentostatin, and sirolimus help a body to better accept donor stem cells.

Eligibility:

- People 4 and older with beta-thalassemia or sickle cell disease that can be cured with transplant, and their donors.

Design:

  • Participants and donors will be screened with medical history, physical exam, blood test, tissue and blood typing, and bone marrow sampling. They will visit a social worker.
  • Donors:
  • may receive an intravenous (IV) tube in their groin vein.
  • will receive a drug injection daily for 5 or 6 days to move the blood stem cells from the bone marrow into general blood circulation.
  • will undergo apheresis: an IV is put into a vein in each arm. Blood is taken from one arm, a machine removes the white blood cells that contain blood stem cells, and the rest is returned through the other arm.
  • Participants:
  • may undergo red cell exchange procedure.
  • will remain in the hospital for about 30 days.
  • will receive a large IV line that can stay in their body from transplant through recovery.
  • will receive a dose of radiation, and transplant related drugs by mouth or IV.
  • will receive blood stem cells over 8 hours by IV.
  • will take neuropsychological tests and may complete questionnaires throughout the transplant process.
  • must stay near NIH for 4 months. They will visit the outpatient clinic weekly.
Read the detailed description

Our ongoing nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplant protocol (03-H-0170) for patients with severe sickle cell disease (SCD) and B-thalassemia from HLA-matched family donors has excellent results thus far. Our long term leukocyte engraftment rate is 85-90% with the same disease-free survival. None of the engrafted patients had acute sickle-related events, significant toxicity associated with the conditioning regimen, or any evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD).

While these results rival the transplant outcomes from low risk transplant patients with B-thalassemia, there are areas for improvement. The first is the 10-15% graft rejection rate, where a majority of these individuals were male donor and female recipient pairs. Another limitation is the significant delay in donor red cell engraftment in one recipient who had pre-existing allo-antibody to donor red cells from previous transfusions. Also we have excluded another group of individuals with preformed antibodies, recipients having major ABO incompatibility to the donors.

To overcome these limitations (and reduce the transplant failure rate) in this new protocol, we will continue our nonmyeloablative approach in the patients with SCD and B-thalassemia with HLA-matched family donors, but using an increased intensity regimen in a subset considered at high risk for transplant failure. This modified regimen consists of pentostatin and oral cyclophosphamide, which we hypothesize will reduce both the T cells that mediate leukocyte rejection and the B/plasma cells that produce anti-donor erythrocyte antibodies. The main transplant backbone will remain as alemtuzumab, low dose total body irradiation of 300 cGy, and sirolimus; the transplant graft will remain as unmanipulated G-CSF mobilized, T-cell replete, PBSC product for hematopoietic and lymphoid reconstitution.

The primary endpoint of this study is the percentage/number of patients who have sustained donor type hemoglobin at 1 year post transplant for male donors - female recipients. The primary endpoint for those with pre-existing antibodies is the presence of donor red cells with reticulocytes greater than or equal to 30 k/uL at 2 years post-transplant. Other endpoints include the toxicity of the pentostatin-cyclophosphamide regimen, the degree of donor-host chimerism necessary for long-term graft survival and disease amelioration, incidence of acute and chronic GVHD, incidence of graft rejection, transplant-related morbidity, as well as disease-free and overall survival. Since SCD and B-thalassemia are non-malignant disorders of red cells, severe GVHD, lack of donor erythrocyte (prolonged donor red cell aplasia), or graft rejection is collectively considered transplant failure.

02

Conditions studied

  • Sickle Cell Disease
  • Thalassemia
  • Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Graft vs Host Disease

Keywords

  • Sickle Cell Disease
  • Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
  • Pentostatin (Nipent)
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Alemtuzumab (Campath)
03

In context

Anemia, Sickle Cell

1,103 studies on the registry are indexed under Anemia, Sickle Cell; 235 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 56 is above the median of 40 across 750 interventional studies indexed under Anemia, Sickle Cell.

Browse Anemia, Sickle Cell studies →

Lead sponsor

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is the lead sponsor of 1,117 studies on the registry; 71 are open to participants now.

Of its 57 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 49 (86%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
4 Years to 80 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

-INCLUSION CRITERIA- recipients (must fulfill one disease category in 1 and all of 2)

  1. Disease specific

    Patients with severe sickle cell disease (not limited to Hb SS, SC, or S beta-thal) at high risk for disease-related morbidity or mortality, defined by having severe end-organ damage (A, B, C, D, or E) or potentially modifiable complication(s) not ameliorated by hydroxyurea or sickle specific therapy (F):

    --A. Stroke defined as a clinically significant neurologic event that is accompanied by an infarct on cerebral MRI or cerebral arteriopathy requiring chronic transfusion therapy; OR

    --B. Sickle cell-related renal insufficiency defined by a creatinine level greater than or equal to 1.5 times the upper limit of normal and kidney biopsy consistent with sickle cell nephropathy OR nephrotic syndrome OR creatinine clearance less than \< 50mL/min OR requiring peritoneal or hemodialysis; OR

    --C. Tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) of greater than or equal to 2.5 m/s 40, 41 at baseline; OR

    --D. Recurrent priapism defined as at least 2 episodes of an erection lasting >4 hours involving the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosa; OR

    --E. Sickle hepatopathy defined as EITHER ferritin >1000mcg/L OR direct bilirubin >0.4 mg/dL at baseline

    --F. Any one of the below complications:

    ---Complication/ Eligible for hydroxyurea*/ Eligible for HSCT

    ----Vaso-occlusive crises/ At least 3 hospital admissions in the last year/ More than one hospital admission in the last year while on therapeutic dose of hydroxyurea or sickle cell therapy

    • Acute chest syndrome/ 2 prior ACS/ any ACS while on hydroxyurea
    • Osetonecrosis of 2 or more joints/ And significantly affecting their quality of life by Karnofsky score 50-60/ And on hydroxyurea where total hemoglobuin increases less than 1 g/dL or fetal hemoglobin increases less than 2.5 times the baseline level
    • Red cell alloimmunization/ Transfusion dependent/ Total hemoglobin increases less than 1g/dL while on hydroxurea

      2. Patients with beta-thalassemia who have grade 2 or 3 iron overload, determined by the presence of 2 or more of the following:

      -- portal fibrosis by liver biopsy

      • inadequate chelation history (defined as failure to maintain adequate compliance with chelation with deferoxamine initiated within 18 months of the first transfusion and administered subcutaneously for 8-10 hours at least 5 days each week)
      • hepatomegaly of greater than 2cm below the costochondral margin

    Non-disease specific:

    -Age greater than or equal to 4 years

    -6/6 HLA matched family donor available

    • Ability to comprehend and willing to sign an informed consent
    • Negative beta-HCG, when applicable

    EXCLUSION CRITERIA -recipient (any of the following would exclude the subject from participating)

    -ECOG performance status of 3 or more

    -Evidence of uncontrolled bacterial, viral, or fungal infections (currently taking medication and progression of clinical symptoms) within one month prior to starting the conditioning regimen. Patients with fever or suspected minor infection should await resolution of symptoms before starting the conditioning regimen.

    -Major anticipated illness or organ failure incompatible with survival from PBSC transplant

    -Pregnant or lactating

Inclusion criteria

INCLUSION CRITERIA -donor

-6/6 HLA matched family donor deemed suitable and eligible, and willing to donate, per clinical evaluations who are additionally willing to donate blood for research. Matched related donors will be evaluated in accordance with existing Standard NIH Policies and Procedures for determination of eligibility and suitability for clinical donation. Note that participation in this study is offered to all matched related donors, but is not required for a donor to make a stem cell donation, so it is possible that not all related donors will enroll onto this study.

Exclusion criteria

EXCLUSION CRITERIA -donor

-None

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
56 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Female participants with SCD or Beta-thalassemia receiving stem cell transplant with male donor

    Female participants with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) or Beta-thalassemia receiving stem cell transplant with male donor. Pentostatin given on days -21, -17, -13, -9 and oral cyclophosphamide from days -21 to -8, with the intention to be administered in the outpatient setting. Alemtuzumab on days 7 to 3, and 300 cGy TBI on day 2. Sirolimus started at a loading dose of 5mg PO every 4 hours for three doses on day -1 and adjusted to maintain trough levels between 10-15 ng/mL. The PBSC graft targeted to deliver .10 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg (minimum .5 x 106) and infused on day 0.

    Drug: Alemtuzumab · Drug: Sirolimus · Drug: Cyclophosphamide · Drug: Pentostatin · Procedure: Radiotherapy

  • Experimental
    Participants with pre-existing antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia receiving stem cell transplant

    Participants with pre-existing antibodies and Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) or Beta-thalassemia receiving stem cell transplant. Pentostatin given on days -21, -17, -13, -9 and oral cyclophosphamide from days -21 to -8, with the intention to be administered in the outpatient setting. Alemtuzumab on days 7 to 3, and 300 cGy TBI on day 2. Sirolimus started at a loading dose of 5mg PO every 4 hours for three doses on day -1 and adjusted to maintain trough levels between 10-15 ng/mL. The PBSC graft targeted to deliver .10 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg (minimum .5 x 106) and infused on day 0.

    Drug: Alemtuzumab · Drug: Sirolimus · Drug: Cyclophosphamide · Drug: Pentostatin · Procedure: Radiotherapy

  • Other
    Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) Matched Related Stem Cell Donor

    Participants received filgrastim to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells for apheresis collection. Collected stem cells of donor will then be infused to HLA matched sibling.

    Drug: Filgrastim

Interventions

  • DrugAlemtuzumab

    Immunosuppressant

    Also known as: Campath

  • DrugSirolimus

    Immunosuppressant

    Also known as: Rapamune

  • DrugCyclophosphamide

    Immunosuppressant

    Also known as: Cytoxan

  • DrugPentostatin

    Immunosuppressant

    Also known as: Deoxycoformycin

  • ProcedureRadiotherapy

    Immunosuppressant and myelosuppressant

  • DrugFilgrastim

    mobilize peripheral blood stem cells for apheresis collection

    Also known as: Neupogen

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Number of Patients Who Have Sustained Donor Type Hemoglobin at One Year Post Transplant

    Number of patients who have sustained donor type hemoglobin at one year post transplant. Sustained donor type hemoglobin is based on hemoglobin electrophoresis for patients with SCD and transfusion independence for patients with beta-thalassemia

    Time frame: 1 year

  2. Number of Participants With Donor Red Cells at 2 Years Post Stem Cell Transplant

    Number of participants with donor red cells at 2 years post stem cell transplant. Number of participants with donor red cells is detected by hemoglobin electrophoresis or donor type red cell antigen, and reticulocyte count ≥30 k/uL at 2 years post-transplant.

    Time frame: 2 years

Secondary outcomes

  1. Mean CD34+ Cell Dose

    Mean CD34+ cell dose, filgrastim mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic cells, unselected

    Time frame: Day 0 up to Day 1

  2. Mean CD3+ Cell Dose

    Mean CD3+ cell dose, filgrastim mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic cells, unselected

    Time frame: Day 0 up to Day 1

  3. Median Percent of Donor T-cells and Myeloid Chimerism

    Median Percent of donor T-cells and myeloid chimerism. Leukocytes are selected by magnetic beads for CD3 (T-cells) and CD14/15 (myeloid cells), then microsatellite PCR analyses are performed to obtain donor chimerism percent.

    Time frame: day 30, day 60 , day 100, 1 year and 2 year

  4. Number of Participants Who Developed Acute Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD) Grades I, II, III, IV

    Number of participants who developed Acute Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD) Grades I, II, III, IV as defined by CIMBTR criteria for Organ Stages of Acute GVHD. Grades are defined as: Grade I: Skin = Maculopapular rash\< 25% of body surface area (BSA); Liver = Total Bilirubin 2-3 mg/dL; Lower GI = stool output/day is 500-999 mL/day. Grade II: Skin = rash on 25-50 percent body surface area; Liver = Total Bilirubin 3.1-6.0 mg/dL; Lower GI = Diarrhea 1001-1500 mL/day. Grade III: Skin = Rash on \>50% of body surface; Liver = Total Bilirubin 6.1 - 15.0 mg/dL; Lower GI = Diarrhea \> 1500 mL/day. Grade IV: Skin = Generalized erythroderma plus bullous formation; Liver = Total Bilirubin \>15 mg/dL; Lower GI = Severe abdominal pain with or without ileus. Grade I GVHD is characterized as mild disease, grade II GVHD as moderate, grade III as severe, and grade IV life-threatening.

    Time frame: Up to Day 100

  5. Number of Participants Who Developed Moderate or Severe Chronic Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD)

    Number of Participants Who Developed Moderate or Severe Chronic Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD) up to 5 years. Moderate chronic GVHD involves EITHER 3 organs/sites with no clinically significant functional impairment OR a less than or equal to 1 organ/site with clinically significant functional impairment, but no major disability. Severe GVHD is associated with a major disability caused by chronic GVHD.

    Time frame: Day 100 up to 2 years

  6. Number of Participants That Experienced Graft Failure or Graft Rejection, or Red Cell Aplasia at 2 Years After Transplant

    Number of participants that experienced graft failure or graft rejection, or red cell aplasia at 2 years after transplant. Graft failure or graft rejection is defined as \<5% donor cells in both CD3 and myeloid chimerism. Red cell aplasia is defined as reticulocyte \<30 k/uL and requiring red cell transfusions.

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

  7. Number of Participants That Experienced Regimen Failure

    Number of Participants That Experienced Regimen Failure. Regimen failure is defined as those participants that experienced grade 3 or higher acute GVHD, moderate/severe chronic GVHD, graft failure/rejection, or red cell aplasia. Together any one of these count toward the combined endpoint of regimen failure.

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

  8. Number of Participants That Experienced Transplant-related Mortality

    Number of participants that experienced transplant-related mortality. Transplant-related mortality is defined as death that is at least possibly related to the transplant (GVHD, toxicity, infection, other causes).

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

  9. Percentage of Participant With Disease-free Survival Following Stem Cell Transplant

    Percentage of participant with disease-free survival following stem cell transplant. Disease-free survival is defined as alive and free acute complications related to sickle cell disease.

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

  10. Percentage of Participant Overall Survival Following Stem Cell Transplant

    Percentage of Participant Overall Survival up to year 2 following stem cell transplant. Overall survival is defined as being alive following stem cell transplant.

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

  11. Median Day to Neutrophil Recovery

    Median Day to Neutrophil recovery. Neutrophil recovery is defined as the first of three consecutive days of neutrophil count \>0.5 x 10\^9 cells/uL.

    Time frame: Up to Day 100

  12. Median Days to Platelet Recovery

    Median Days to Platelet Recovery. Platelet recovery is defined as count \>50 cells/uL and 7 days from the last platelet transfusion.

    Time frame: Up to Day 120

  13. Median Days to Red Cell Recovery

    Median Days to Red Cell Recovery. Red cell recovery defined as days to recovery of reticulocyte count .30 k/uL, detection of donor red cells, transfusion independence.

    Time frame: Up to 2 years

07

Results

Posted Nov 29, 2024

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell TransplantHuman Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) Matched Related Stem Cell Donor
Started111827
Completed71627
Not completed420
Withdrew: Physician decision110
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up200
Withdrew: Death110

Outcome measures

PrimaryNumber of Patients Who Have Sustained Donor Type Hemoglobin at One Year Post Transplant

Number of patients who have sustained donor type hemoglobin at one year post transplant. Sustained donor type hemoglobin is based on hemoglobin electrophoresis for patients with SCD and transfusion independence for patients with beta-thalassemia

Time frame:
1 year
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Patients Who Have Sustained Donor Type Hemoglobin at One Year Post Transplant
ParticipantsFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male Donor
Number of Patients Who Have Sustained Donor Type Hemoglobin at One Year Post Transplant10
PrimaryNumber of Participants With Donor Red Cells at 2 Years Post Stem Cell Transplant

Number of participants with donor red cells at 2 years post stem cell transplant. Number of participants with donor red cells is detected by hemoglobin electrophoresis or donor type red cell antigen, and reticulocyte count ≥30 k/uL at 2 years post-transplant.

Time frame:
2 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Donor Red Cells at 2 Years Post Stem Cell Transplant
ParticipantsParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
Number of Participants With Donor Red Cells at 2 Years Post Stem Cell Transplant16
SecondaryMean CD34+ Cell Dose

Mean CD34+ cell dose, filgrastim mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic cells, unselected

Time frame:
Day 0 up to Day 1
Reported as:
Mean · x10^6 cells/kg
Mean CD34+ Cell Dose
x10^6 cells/kgFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
Mean CD34+ Cell Dose19.08 ± 8.3814.98 ± 5.95
SecondaryMean CD3+ Cell Dose

Mean CD3+ cell dose, filgrastim mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic cells, unselected

Time frame:
Day 0 up to Day 1
Reported as:
Mean · x10^8 cells/kg
Mean CD3+ Cell Dose
x10^8 cells/kgFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
Mean CD3+ Cell Dose3.12 ± 1.373.29 ± 1.57
SecondaryMedian Percent of Donor T-cells and Myeloid Chimerism

Median Percent of donor T-cells and myeloid chimerism. Leukocytes are selected by magnetic beads for CD3 (T-cells) and CD14/15 (myeloid cells), then microsatellite PCR analyses are performed to obtain donor chimerism percent.

Time frame:
day 30, day 60 , day 100, 1 year and 2 year
Reported as:
Median · percentage of donor cells
Median Percent of Donor T-cells and Myeloid Chimerism
percentage of donor cellsFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
myeloid chimerism D30100 (80 to 100)99.5 (68 to 100)
myeloid chimerism D60100 (54 to 100)100 (29 to 100)
myeloid chimerism D100100 (42 to 100)100 (16 to 100)
myeloid chimerism Year 1100 (47 to 100)100 (54 to 100)
myeloid chimerism Year 2100 (44 to 100)99 (45 to 100)
donor T-cells D3065.5 (16 to 94)25 (1 to 85)
donor T-cells D6039 (2 to 86)23 (1 to 100)
donor T-cells D10034 (0 to 91)22.5 (2 to 96)
donor T-cells Year 170 (29 to 78)43 (24 to 100)
donor T-cells Year 274.5 (53 to 84)62 (27 to 94)
SecondaryNumber of Participants Who Developed Acute Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD) Grades I, II, III, IV

Number of participants who developed Acute Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD) Grades I, II, III, IV as defined by CIMBTR criteria for Organ Stages of Acute GVHD. Grades are defined as: Grade I: Skin = Maculopapular rash\< 25% of body surface area (BSA); Liver = Total Bilirubin 2-3 mg/dL; Lower GI = stool output/day is 500-999 mL/day. Grade II: Skin = rash on 25-50 percent body surface area; Liver = Total Bilirubin 3.1-6.0 mg/dL; Lower GI = Diarrhea 1001-1500 mL/day. Grade III: Skin = Rash on \>50% of body surface; Liver = Total Bilirubin 6.1 - 15.0 mg/dL; Lower GI = Diarrhea \> 1500 mL/day. Grade IV: Skin = Generalized erythroderma plus bullous formation; Liver = Total Bilirubin \>15 mg/dL; Lower GI = Severe abdominal pain with or without ileus. Grade I GVHD is characterized as mild disease, grade II GVHD as moderate, grade III as severe, and grade IV life-threatening.

Time frame:
Up to Day 100
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants Who Developed Acute Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD) Grades I, II, III, IV
ParticipantsFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
Grade I00
Grade II01
Grade III10
Grade IV00
SecondaryNumber of Participants Who Developed Moderate or Severe Chronic Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD)

Number of Participants Who Developed Moderate or Severe Chronic Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD) up to 5 years. Moderate chronic GVHD involves EITHER 3 organs/sites with no clinically significant functional impairment OR a less than or equal to 1 organ/site with clinically significant functional impairment, but no major disability. Severe GVHD is associated with a major disability caused by chronic GVHD.

Time frame:
Day 100 up to 2 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants Who Developed Moderate or Severe Chronic Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD)
ParticipantsFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
Moderate00
Severe00
SecondaryNumber of Participants That Experienced Graft Failure or Graft Rejection, or Red Cell Aplasia at 2 Years After Transplant

Number of participants that experienced graft failure or graft rejection, or red cell aplasia at 2 years after transplant. Graft failure or graft rejection is defined as \<5% donor cells in both CD3 and myeloid chimerism. Red cell aplasia is defined as reticulocyte \<30 k/uL and requiring red cell transfusions.

Time frame:
Up to 2 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants That Experienced Graft Failure or Graft Rejection, or Red Cell Aplasia at 2 Years After Transplant
ParticipantsFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
graft failure10
red cell aplasia02
SecondaryNumber of Participants That Experienced Regimen Failure

Number of Participants That Experienced Regimen Failure. Regimen failure is defined as those participants that experienced grade 3 or higher acute GVHD, moderate/severe chronic GVHD, graft failure/rejection, or red cell aplasia. Together any one of these count toward the combined endpoint of regimen failure.

Time frame:
Up to 2 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants That Experienced Regimen Failure
ParticipantsFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
Number of Participants That Experienced Regimen Failure22
SecondaryNumber of Participants That Experienced Transplant-related Mortality

Number of participants that experienced transplant-related mortality. Transplant-related mortality is defined as death that is at least possibly related to the transplant (GVHD, toxicity, infection, other causes).

Time frame:
Up to 2 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants That Experienced Transplant-related Mortality
ParticipantsFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
Number of Participants That Experienced Transplant-related Mortality00
SecondaryPercentage of Participant With Disease-free Survival Following Stem Cell Transplant

Percentage of participant with disease-free survival following stem cell transplant. Disease-free survival is defined as alive and free acute complications related to sickle cell disease.

Time frame:
Up to 2 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Percentage of Participant With Disease-free Survival Following Stem Cell Transplant
ParticipantsFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
Percentage of Participant With Disease-free Survival Following Stem Cell Transplant916
SecondaryPercentage of Participant Overall Survival Following Stem Cell Transplant

Percentage of Participant Overall Survival up to year 2 following stem cell transplant. Overall survival is defined as being alive following stem cell transplant.

Time frame:
Up to 2 years
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Percentage of Participant Overall Survival Following Stem Cell Transplant
ParticipantsFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
Percentage of Participant Overall Survival Following Stem Cell Transplant1017
SecondaryMedian Day to Neutrophil Recovery

Median Day to Neutrophil recovery. Neutrophil recovery is defined as the first of three consecutive days of neutrophil count \>0.5 x 10\^9 cells/uL.

Time frame:
Up to Day 100
Reported as:
Median · days
Median Day to Neutrophil Recovery
daysFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
Median Day to Neutrophil Recovery22 (17 to 67)20.5 (8 to 25)
SecondaryMedian Days to Platelet Recovery

Median Days to Platelet Recovery. Platelet recovery is defined as count \>50 cells/uL and 7 days from the last platelet transfusion.

Time frame:
Up to Day 120
Reported as:
Median · days
Median Days to Platelet Recovery
daysFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
Median Days to Platelet Recovery21.5 (16 to 69)22.5 (10 to 112)
SecondaryMedian Days to Red Cell Recovery

Median Days to Red Cell Recovery. Red cell recovery defined as days to recovery of reticulocyte count .30 k/uL, detection of donor red cells, transfusion independence.

Time frame:
Up to 2 years
Reported as:
Median · days
Median Days to Red Cell Recovery
daysFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant
Median Days to Red Cell Recovery22 (15 to 75)19 (8 to 195)

Adverse events

Collected over 5 years. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Female Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male Donor1/11 (9.1%)9/11 (81.8%)11/11 (100%)
Participants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant1/18 (5.6%)13/18 (72.2%)18/18 (100%)
Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) Matched Related Stem Cell Donor0/27 (0%)2/27 (7.4%)0/27 (0%)
Most frequent serious events
Showing 10 of 53
Most frequent serious events
EventFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell TransplantHuman Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) Matched Related Stem Cell Donor
PainMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders2/116/181/27
BacteremiaInfections and infestations3/110/180/27
Lung infectionInfections and infestations3/111/180/27
ArthralgiaMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders2/110/180/27
Avascular necrosisMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders2/110/180/27
Vaso-occlusive pain crisisMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders2/113/180/27
Skin infectionInfections and infestations2/111/180/27
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) ReactivationInfections and infestations0/113/180/27
DiarrheaGastrointestinal disorders1/113/180/27
DizzinessNervous system disorders0/112/180/27
Most frequent other events
Showing 10 of 74
Most frequent other events
EventFemale Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell TransplantHuman Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) Matched Related Stem Cell Donor
Lymphocyte count decreasedBlood and lymphatic system disorders9/1110/180/27
Neutrophil count decreasedBlood and lymphatic system disorders8/118/180/27
Platelet count decreasedBlood and lymphatic system disorders6/115/180/27
White blood cell decreasedBlood and lymphatic system disorders5/112/180/27
PainMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders4/116/180/27
AnemiaBlood and lymphatic system disorders0/115/180/27
DiarrheaGastrointestinal disorders3/111/180/27
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) ReactivationInfections and infestations3/114/180/27
InsomniaPsychiatric disorders3/110/180/27
HypertensionCardiac disorders2/114/180/27

Baseline characteristics

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)Female Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell TransplantHuman Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) Matched Related Stem Cell DonorTotal
<=18 years0358
Between 18 and 65 years11152248
>=65 years0000
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Female Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell TransplantHuman Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) Matched Related Stem Cell DonorTotal
Female115824
Male0131932
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Female Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell TransplantHuman Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) Matched Related Stem Cell DonorTotal
Hispanic or Latino0000
Not Hispanic or Latino10172552
Unknown or Not Reported1124
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Female Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell TransplantHuman Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) Matched Related Stem Cell DonorTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native0000
Asian0224
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander0000
Black or African American10162349
White0000
More than one race1001
Unknown or Not Reported0022
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Female Participants With SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell Transplant With Male DonorParticipants With Pre-existing Antibodies and SCD or Beta-thalassemia Receiving Stem Cell TransplantHuman Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) Matched Related Stem Cell DonorTotal
United States11182756
08

Study locations

1 site
  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
    Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Kern KC, Inam Z, Hsieh MM, Tisdale JF, Fitzhugh CD, Limerick EM, Gebremeskel ASK, White T, Jordan LC, Lynch JK. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant and Brain Volume Changes in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease. Neurology. 2026 Jun 9;106(11):e218050. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000218050. Epub 2026 May 14. PubMed 42133908 ↗
  • Inam Z, Jeffries N, Link M, Coles W, Pollack P, Luckett C, Phang O, Harvey E, Martin T, Farrey T, Tisdale JF, Hsieh MM. Two Nonmyeloablative HLA-Matched Related Donor Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Regimens in Patients with Severe Sickle Cell Disease. Transplant Cell Ther. 2025 May;31(5):305-318. doi: 10.1016/j.jtct.2025.02.021. Epub 2025 Feb 24. PubMed 40010689 ↗
  • Leonard A, Furstenau D, Abraham A, Darbari DS, Nickel RS, Limerick E, Fitzhugh C, Hsieh M, Tisdale JF. Reduction in vaso-occlusive events following stem cell transplantation in patients with sickle cell disease. Blood Adv. 2023 Jan 24;7(2):227-234. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008137. PubMed 36240296 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Feb 13, 2024

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — All IPD that underlie results in a publication

Supporting information: Study protocol, Icf

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 18, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02105766
Lead sponsor
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Collaborators
National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Apr 7, 2014
Start date
Apr 21, 2014
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2023
Completion
Dec 31, 2027 (estimated)
Results posted
Nov 29, 2024
Last update
Aug 18, 2026

Study contacts

Matthew M Hsieh, M.D.
principal investigator · National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is active, not recruiting, as verified in Aug 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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