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TerminatedNCT02044991Updated Aug 8, 2018Results posted

Ultrasound Guided Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament Corticosteroid Injection in Pregnancy-Related Pelvic Girdle Pain

A Phase 2 interventional study of Corticosteroid and Placebo Injection in Pelvic Girdle Pain, sponsored by Loyola University. Terminated at 1 site in United States. Open to female participants aged 21 Years to 50 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-08-08.

Sponsored by Loyola University · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was terminated
The study was halted prematurely due to poor recruitment
Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
2
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
21 Years to 50 Years
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to see if pelvic girdle pain can be more effectively treated with the use of injectable anti-inflammatory medication plus physical therapy compared with physical therapy and a saline injection.

Read the detailed description

Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) in pregnancy is common with prevalence estimates of 45%.1 It is defined as pain experienced between the posterior iliac crest and the gluteal fold, particularly in the region of the sacroiliac joint.2 Pain may radiate in the posterior thigh and can also occur in conjunction with/or separately in the symphysis. In PGP, the endurance capacity for standing, walking and sitting is diminished. The diagnosis of PGP can be reached after exclusion of lumbar causes and must be reproducible by specific clinical tests. While various pain mechanisms including mechanical, hormonal, inflammatory, and neural have been proposed in the development of PGP, the etiology and pathogenesis is poorly understood. It is possible that musculoskeletal changes influenced by hormonal (Relaxin) elevation in pregnancy predispose pregnant women to acute musculoskeletal injury presenting clinically as PGP. An inflammatory response in other acute musculoskeletal injuries has been well described3 and may also occur in pregnancy related PGP particularly given the musculoskeletal vulnerability during this time. Though PGP is common in pregnancy, no study to date has investigated the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatment in pregnancy related PGP in order to better establish the contribution of inflammation in the etiology of pregnancy related PGP.

02

Conditions studied

  • Pelvic Girdle Pain

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Keywords

  • Sciatica
  • Pelvic girdle pain
03

In context

Pelvic Girdle Pain

55 studies on the registry are indexed under Pelvic Girdle Pain; 12 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 2 is below the median of 57 across 39 interventional studies indexed under Pelvic Girdle Pain.

Browse Pelvic Girdle Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

Loyola University is the lead sponsor of 132 studies on the registry; 15 are open to participants now.

Of its 26 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 23 (88%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
21 Years to 50 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Women who are not doing other therapies for pain (physical therapy, chiropractic management, pool)
  • Women between age 21 and 50 who plan to deliver at Loyola or Gottlieb
  • Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) on average of greater than or equal to 5/10 at Visit 1
  • Pain must be between the upper level of the iliac crests and the gluteal folds in conjunction with or separately from pain in the pubic symphysis and influenced by position and locomotion
  • 2/4 positive physical examination tests on the symptomatic side including the P4 test, the LDL test, pubic symphysis palpation and the acute straight leg rise (ASLR)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Women presenting with PGP in the first or third trimester (\<13 weeks gestation or >28 weeks gestation)
  • Women with pubic symphysis (anterior) pain alone
  • Women who do not plan to deliver a baby at Loyola or Gottlieb
  • Pain above the upper level of the iliac crest
  • History of lumbar or pelvic fracture, neoplasm, inflammatory disease, active urogenital infection or active gastrointestinal illness, current physical therapy or other therapies for PGP, or previous surgery of the lumbar spine, pelvic girdle, hip joint or femur
  • History or signs of radiculopathy or other systemic neurologic disease
  • Women with diabetes or gestational diabetes
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
2 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Treatment

    Participants randomized to this arm will receive a corticosteroid. This is 40mg of a non-fluorinated injectable glucocorticoid, methylprednisolone acetate (1cc) combined with 1cc of 1% Lidocaine

    Drug: Corticosteroid

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo

    Participant's randomized to this condition will receive a placebo injection once weekly

    Drug: Placebo Injection

Interventions

  • DrugCorticosteroid

    40mg of a non-fluorinated injectable glucocorticoid, methylprednisolone acetate (1cc) combined with 1cc of 1% Lidocaine

    Also known as: Medrol

  • DrugPlacebo Injection

    A placebo injection

    Also known as: Saline

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Pain

    Pain is measured using the Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), which ranges from 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating greater pain. This measure is recorded at baseline (0 weeks) and 8 weeks. The change in pain between these two time points (i.e., the difference score) is compared between the two groups.

    Time frame: 8 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Pelvic Functioning

    Pelvic functioning is measured at baseline (0 weeks) and week 8 using the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ), which ranges from 0 to 100 points with higher scores revealing greater pelvic girdle pain. The change in pelvic functioning between these two time points (i.e., the difference score) is compared between the two groups.

    Time frame: 8 weeks

  2. Disability

    Disability is measured at baseline (0 weeks) and week 8 using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), which is a measure of low back pain that ranges from 0 points to 100 with higher scores indicating greater disability. The change in disability between these two time points (i.e., the difference score) is compared between the two groups.

    Time frame: 8 weeks

07

Results

Posted May 12, 2017
Limitations and caveats
The trial was terminated in February 2017 due to poor recruitment

Participant flow

Recruitment for this trial began in May 2015 and ended in May 2016 (12 months). The trial was terminated in February 2017 due to poor recruitment

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneTreatmentPlacebo
Started20
Completed20
Not completed00

Outcome measures

PrimaryChange in Pain

Pain is measured using the Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), which ranges from 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating greater pain. This measure is recorded at baseline (0 weeks) and 8 weeks. The change in pain between these two time points (i.e., the difference score) is compared between the two groups.

Time frame:
8 weeks
Reported as:
Median · change score on the NRS pain scale
Change in Pain
change score on the NRS pain scaleTreatmentPlacebo
Change in Pain-3 (-5 to -1)—
SecondaryPelvic Functioning

Pelvic functioning is measured at baseline (0 weeks) and week 8 using the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ), which ranges from 0 to 100 points with higher scores revealing greater pelvic girdle pain. The change in pelvic functioning between these two time points (i.e., the difference score) is compared between the two groups.

Time frame:
8 weeks
Reported as:
Median · change score on the PGQ scale
Pelvic Functioning
change score on the PGQ scaleTreatmentPlacebo
Pelvic Functioning-35.5 (-75 to 4)—
SecondaryDisability

Disability is measured at baseline (0 weeks) and week 8 using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), which is a measure of low back pain that ranges from 0 points to 100 with higher scores indicating greater disability. The change in disability between these two time points (i.e., the difference score) is compared between the two groups.

Time frame:
8 weeks
Reported as:
Median · change score on the ODI scale
Disability
change score on the ODI scaleTreatmentPlacebo
Disability-15.25 (-44.5 to 14)—

Adverse events

Collected over Adverse event data were collected for 1 year, 7 months. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Treatment0/2 (0%)1/2 (50%)2/2 (100%)
Placebo———
Most frequent serious events
Most frequent serious events
EventTreatmentPlacebo
Premature birthPregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions1/2—
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventTreatmentPlacebo
BronchitisRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders1/2—
Premature contractionsPregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions1/2—

Baseline characteristics

The baseline analysis population comprises all participants who signed an informed consent document to participate in the trial.

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)TreatmentPlaceboTotal
<=18 years000
Between 18 and 65 years202
>=65 years000
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)TreatmentPlaceboTotal
Female202
Male000
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)TreatmentPlaceboTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian000
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American000
White202
More than one race000
Unknown or Not Reported000
08

Study locations

1 site
  • Loyola University Health System
    Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Wu WH, Meijer OG, Uegaki K, Mens JM, van Dieen JH, Wuisman PI, Ostgaard HC. Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPP), I: Terminology, clinical presentation, and prevalence. Eur Spine J. 2004 Nov;13(7):575-89. doi: 10.1007/s00586-003-0615-y. Epub 2004 Aug 27. PubMed 15338362 ↗
  • Ekman EF, Koman LA. Acute pain following musculoskeletal injuries and orthopaedic surgery: mechanisms and management. Instr Course Lect. 2005;54:21-33. PubMed 15948432 ↗
  • Kristiansson P, Svardsudd K, von Schoultz B. Serum relaxin, symphyseal pain, and back pain during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Nov;175(5):1342-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70052-2. PubMed 8942512 ↗
  • Stapleton DB, MacLennan AH, Kristiansson P. The prevalence of recalled low back pain during and after pregnancy: a South Australian population survey. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2002 Nov;42(5):482-5. doi: 10.1111/j.0004-8666.2002.00482.x. PubMed 12495090 ↗
  • Gutke A, Josefsson A, Oberg B. Pelvic girdle pain and lumbar pain in relation to postpartum depressive symptoms. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 Jun 1;32(13):1430-6. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318060a673. PubMed 17545912 ↗
  • Brynhildsen J, Hansson A, Persson A, Hammar M. Follow-up of patients with low back pain during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Feb;91(2):182-6. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(97)00630-3. PubMed 9469272 ↗
  • Stuge B, Hilde G, Vollestad N. Physical therapy for pregnancy-related low back and pelvic pain: a systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003 Nov;82(11):983-90. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2003.00125.x. PubMed 14616270 ↗
  • Stuge B, Laerum E, Kirkesola G, Vollestad N. The efficacy of a treatment program focusing on specific stabilizing exercises for pelvic girdle pain after pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Feb 15;29(4):351-9. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000090827.16926.1d. PubMed 15094530 ↗
  • Albert H, Godskesen M, Westergaard J. Prognosis in four syndromes of pregnancy-related pelvic pain. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2001 Jun;80(6):505-10. PubMed 11380285 ↗
  • Stuge B, Veierod MB, Laerum E, Vollestad N. The efficacy of a treatment program focusing on specific stabilizing exercises for pelvic girdle pain after pregnancy: a two-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 May 15;29(10):E197-203. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200405150-00021. PubMed 15131454 ↗
  • Elden H, Fagevik-Olsen M, Ostgaard HC, Stener-Victorin E, Hagberg H. Acupuncture as an adjunct to standard treatment for pelvic girdle pain in pregnant women: randomised double-blinded controlled trial comparing acupuncture with non-penetrating sham acupuncture. BJOG. 2008 Dec;115(13):1655-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01904.x. Epub 2008 Oct 15. PubMed 18947338 ↗
  • Haugland KS, Rasmussen S, Daltveit AK. Group intervention for women with pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy. A randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006;85(11):1320-6. doi: 10.1080/00016340600780458. PubMed 17091411 ↗
  • Bastiaenen CH, de Bie RA, Wolters PM, Vlaeyen JW, Leffers P, Stelma F, Bastiaanssen JM, Essed GG, van den Brandt PA. Effectiveness of a tailor-made intervention for pregnancy-related pelvic girdle and/or low back pain after delivery: short-term results of a randomized clinical trial [ISRCTN08477490]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006 Feb 27;7:19. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-7-19. PubMed 16504165 ↗
  • Lin J, Fessell DP, Jacobson JA, Weadock WJ, Hayes CW. An illustrated tutorial of musculoskeletal sonography: part I, introduction and general principles. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000 Sep;175(3):637-45. doi: 10.2214/ajr.175.3.1750637. No abstract available. PubMed 10954443 ↗
  • Le Goff B, Berthelot JM, Maugars Y. Ultrasound assessment of the posterior sacroiliac ligaments. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2011 Nov-Dec;29(6):1014-7. Epub 2011 Dec 22. PubMed 22206650 ↗
  • Pekkafahli MZ, Kiralp MZ, Basekim CC, Silit E, Mutlu H, Ozturk E, Kizilkaya E, Dursun H. Sacroiliac joint injections performed with sonographic guidance. J Ultrasound Med. 2003 Jun;22(6):553-9. doi: 10.7863/jum.2003.22.6.553. PubMed 12795552 ↗
  • Schull WJ, Otake M. Cognitive function and prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation. Teratology. 1999 Apr;59(4):222-6. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199904)59:43.0.CO;2-M. PubMed 10331523 ↗
  • Ruiz-Irastorza G, Khamashta MA. Managing lupus patients during pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2009 Aug;23(4):575-82. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2009.04.004. PubMed 19591786 ↗
  • Baer AN, Witter FR, Petri M. Lupus and pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2011 Oct;66(10):639-53. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0b013e318239e1ee. PubMed 22112525 ↗
  • Roberts D, Dalziel S. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19;(3):CD004454. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004454.pub2. PubMed 16856047 ↗
  • Ostensen M, Ramsey-Goldman R. Treatment of inflammatory rheumatic disorders in pregnancy: what are the safest treatment options? Drug Saf. 1998 Nov;19(5):389-410. doi: 10.2165/00002018-199819050-00006. PubMed 9825952 ↗
  • Cole BJ, Schumacher HR Jr. Injectable corticosteroids in modern practice. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2005 Jan-Feb;13(1):37-46. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200501000-00006. PubMed 15712981 ↗
  • Kumar N, Newman RJ. Complications of intra- and peri-articular steroid injections. Br J Gen Pract. 1999 Jun;49(443):465-6. PubMed 10562748 ↗
  • Slotkoff AT, Katz P. Approach to the patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Intern Med. 1994;39:197-240. PubMed 7908157 ↗
  • Plastaras CT, Joshi AB, Garvan C, Chimes GP, Smeal W, Rittenberg J, Lento P, Stanos S, Fitzgerald C. Adverse events associated with fluoroscopically guided sacroiliac joint injections. PM R. 2012 Jul;4(7):473-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.02.001. Epub 2012 Apr 28. PubMed 22543036 ↗
  • Jacobs JW, Michels-van Amelsfort JM. How to perform local soft-tissue glucocorticoid injections? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2013 Apr;27(2):171-94. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2013.03.003. PubMed 23731930 ↗
  • Elimian A, Goodman JR, Knudtson E, Wagner A, Wilson P, Williams M. Local anesthesia and pain perception during amniocentesis: a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial. Prenat Diagn. 2013 Dec;33(12):1158-61. doi: 10.1002/pd.4214. Epub 2013 Sep 1. PubMed 23939867 ↗
  • Edelman A, Nichols MD, Leclair C, Astley S, Shy K, Jensen JT. Intrauterine lidocaine infusion for pain management in first-trimester abortions. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Jun;103(6):1267-72. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000127981.53911.0e. PubMed 15172863 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Mar 6, 2015
  • Informed consent form · Sep 16, 2015

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — There is no plan to share individual participant data

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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 8, 2018, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02044991
Lead sponsor
Loyola University
Collaborators
American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Responsible party
Colleen Fitzgerald (M.D., Associate Professor, Loyola University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jan 24, 2014
Start date
Oct 24, 2013
Primary completion
Feb 22, 2017
Completion
Feb 22, 2017
Results posted
May 12, 2017
Last update
Aug 8, 2018

Study contacts

Colleen Fitzgerald, MD
principal investigator · Loyola Univ Med Cntr-

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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