ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT01790321Updated May 12, 2014

Water-based Zinc Efficacy Trial in Beninese Shool Children

An interventional study of LSF-filtering device in Zinc Deficiency, sponsored by Prof. Michael B. Zimmermann. Completed at 1 site in Benin. Open to participants aged 6 Years to 10 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2014-05-12.

Sponsored by Prof. Michael B. Zimmermann · Not applicable and Interventional

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
278
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
6 Years to 10 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The general objective of this study is to determine the effect of the daily consumption of zinc-fortified water provided by the LSF-filter on zinc status and diarrhea rates in school age children from rural areas characterized by a high risk of zinc deficiency and by elevated stunting prevalence.

Read the detailed description

A double-blind efficacy study will be carried out over 4 months in school age children enrolled in a primary school equipped with a water pump, in the rural area of the commune of Natitingou, Benin. Participating children will be randomly assigned to one of two groups of intervention or control. On a daily basis, all children will consume a defined quantity of pump-water outside of meals. The water offered to children in the first group of intervention will be previously filtered and zinc-fortified by the LSF-filter; the children in the second group will receive water that has been filtered only. A nutrition survey will provide an indication of dietary zinc intake. The effect of enriched water consumption on children's zinc status will be evaluated by analyzing the concentration of zinc in serum at baseline, midpoint and endpoint of the intervention. Diarrhea rates will be monitored by recording episodes of diarrhea.

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Conditions studied

  • Zinc Deficiency
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In context

Lead sponsor

Prof. Michael B. Zimmermann is the lead sponsor of 5 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
6 Years to 10 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • School aged children enrolled in primary school and regularly attending class

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Severe anemia ( \< 7 g/dl)
  • Consumption of a supplement or dietary supplement containing zinc
  • Use of drugs that affect the metabolism of zinc
  • Suffering from a chronic disease affecting the metabolism of zinc
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).

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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
278 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • No intervention
    Pump water

    Untreated pump water (pump water recognised as improved water source by WHO)

  • Placebo comparator
    Filtered water

    Pump water purified by the LSF-filtering device

    Device: LSF-filtering device

  • Experimental
    Zinc water

    Pump water purified and zinc-fortified by the LSF-filtering device

    Device: LSF-filtering device

Interventions

  • DeviceLSF-filtering device

    LifeStraw Family is a water purification device that by means of hollow fibres removes solid particles (\<0.5 NTU turbidity reduction), bacteria (\>Log 6 reduction), viruses (\>Log 4 reduction) and cysts (\>Log 3 reduction). Zinc fortification is provided by a chamber housing a zinc releasing glass-plate that is placed annexed to the hollow fibre column. It is estimated that the LSF can provide about 5 mg of zinc/l of filtered water. By consuming daily a portion of 0.6 litres of enriched water, \>100% of the age-specific estimated physiologic requirement would be covered, assuming a fractional absorption of 40%.

    Also known as: LifeStraw Family by Vestergaard Frandsen SA

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Zinc status

    Serum zinc concentration

    Time frame: Baseline, midpont (varying between weeks 5-20), endpoint (week 22)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Inflammation status

    Concentration of CRP in serum

    Time frame: Baseline, midpoint (varying between weeks 5-20), endpoint (week 22)

  2. Iron status

    Haemoglobin level

    Time frame: Baseline, midpoint (varying between weeks 5-20), endpoint (week 22)

  3. Diarrhea incidence

    Occurrence of diarrhea episodes monitored over 2 days weekly

    Time frame: Weekly, from baseline through to endpoint

  4. Malaria prevalence

    Screening of HRP-II antigen

    Time frame: Baseline, midpoint (varying between weeks 5-20), endpoint (week 22)

  5. ALRI prevalence

    Auscultation and respiratory frequence (no. of chest movements per minute)

    Time frame: At baseline and endpoint

  6. Anthropometric indices

    Measurement of height, weight and mid-upper arm circumference for the assessment of height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age Z-scores.

    Time frame: Baseline, midpoint (varying between weeks 5-20), endpoint (week 22)

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Kotopounga primary school
    Natitingou, Atacora, Benin
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Galetti V, Mitchikpe CE, Kujinga P, Tossou F, Hounhouigan DJ, Zimmermann MB, Moretti D. Rural Beninese Children Are at Risk of Zinc Deficiency According to Stunting Prevalence and Plasma Zinc Concentration but Not Dietary Zinc Intakes. J Nutr. 2016 Jan;146(1):114-23. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.216606. Epub 2015 Nov 25. PubMed 26609168 ↗
  • Galetti V, Kujinga P, Mitchikpe CE, Zeder C, Tay F, Tossou F, Hounhouigan JD, Zimmermann MB, Moretti D. Efficacy of highly bioavailable zinc from fortified water: a randomized controlled trial in rural Beninese children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Nov;102(5):1238-48. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.117028. Epub 2015 Oct 14. PubMed 26468121 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on May 12, 2014, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01790321
Lead sponsor
Prof. Michael B. Zimmermann
Collaborators
Université d'Abomey-Calavi
Responsible party
Prof. Michael B. Zimmermann (Prof. Dr.med, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Feb 13, 2013
Start date
Feb 2013
Primary completion
Jul 2013
Completion
Jul 2013
Last update
May 12, 2014

Study contacts

Michael B Zimmermann, Prof. Dr.med
study chair · ETH Zurich

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in May 2014. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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