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CompletedNCT01731522Updated Jun 9, 2026

Eating Frequency Study

An interventional study of EF condition in Eating Frequency, sponsored by The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 35 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-09.

Sponsored by The University of Tennessee, Knoxville · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
20
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years to 35 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of two Eating Frequency prescriptions, meal (energy intake occurring during three meals per day) and grazing (energy intake occurring every two to three hours per day), on consumption during an ad libitum meal consumed at the end of the day, overall daily energy intake, and ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure. It is hypothesized that the grazing condition will produce lower consumption during an evening ad libitum meal, lower daily energy intake, and a lower ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure than the meal condition.

Read the detailed description

20 men and women of healthy weight will participate in this study. The complete study design will be a 2 x 2 mixed factorial design, with the between-subject factor of order and a within-subject factor of eating condition (meal or grazing). Depending upon the eating condition, participants will be provided with a morning meal and an afternoon meal (meal) or two small meals and three snacks to be consumed every 2-3 hours (grazing). The types of foods and amount of foods provided to participants will be identical in each condition; the only difference in the conditions is the time spacing during the day when the foods are consumed. The primary dependent variable will be amount, both grams and energy, of food consumed during an ad libitum meal consumed in the evening at the completion of the meal condition, overall daily energy intake, and ratio of daily energy intake to energy expenditure. It is hypothesized that the grazing condition will produce lower consumption during an evening ad libitum meal, lower daily energy intake, and a lower ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure than the meal condition.

02

Conditions studied

  • Eating Frequency
03

In context

Lead sponsor

The University of Tennessee, Knoxville is the lead sponsor of 95 studies on the registry; 6 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 35 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • age between 18 and 35 years
  • body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2
  • no history of overweight or obesity
  • unrestrained eater (\<12 on Three Factor Eating Questionnaire [TFEQ])
  • regularly participate in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intense physical activity per week over the previous 4 weeks

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • currently taking medication that affects appetite or food intake
  • have a medical condition affecting eating or currently following a therapeutic diet
  • are currently participating in a weight loss program and/or taking weight loss medication
  • have gained or lost > 5% of body weight during the past 6 months
  • diagnosed with type 1 or 2 diabetes
  • have had bariatric surgery
  • report disliking foods used in the investigation (scoring a 1 or 2 on a 5-point Likert scale)
  • report having allergies to foods used in the investigation
  • currently smoke
  • report binge eating
  • are graduate students in the Department of Nutrition
  • are pregnant, lactating, \< 6 months post-partum.
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
20 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    EF condition

    Behavioral: EF condition

Interventions

  • BehavioralEF condition

    Also known as: Grazing, Three meal

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Total grams of ad libitum meal consumed

    The foods that will be used in this investigation are Tyson Chicken Breast Tenders, Ore-Ida Tater Tots, Birds Eye Steamfresh Pure \& Simple green beans, and Sarah Lee Butter Pound Cake. Participants will be provided with ad libitum amounts of the foods, and the foods will be measured in grams to the tenth decimal point on an electronic food scale (Denver Instrument Co., Arvada, CO) before and after the meal. The weight of the container will also be measured. Total grams of each food consumed during the session will be determined by subtracting pre- and post-consumption weight of food.

    Time frame: 1 year

07

Study locations

1 site
  • The University of Tennessee-Knoxville
    Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920, United States
08

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 9, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01731522
Lead sponsor
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Responsible party
Hollie Raynor (Professor, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville) — Principal investigator
First posted
Nov 21, 2012
Start date
Dec 2012
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2018
Completion
Dec 31, 2025
Last update
Jun 9, 2026

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Jun 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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