An interventional study of Exercise and Exergames in Aged, sponsored by University of Florida. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 60 Years to 95 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2015-06-22.
Sponsored by University of Florida · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
The purpose of this research study is to help scientists and health care providers learn more about preventing dementia and brain disease in older adults. There is an urgent need to develop strategies to prevent or slow down memory loss and brain function decline in the elderly.
In this study, the investigators hope to learn how physical exercise and a brain training program work together to improve thinking and memory in older adults. Specifically, these aims include:
Research Participants take part in a 16 week Wellness Program, which includes either traditional physical exercise with brain training(Group A), Wii exergaming with brain training(Group B) or brain training alone (Group C). Participants are randomly assigned to groups.
A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests, surveys and assessments are given prior to start of the intervention, at completion of the 16 weeks, and again 3 months post completion.
The program involves 4 days of physical activity each week for groups A \& B. The physical exercise/activity portion will involve warm up stretching and then either Group A-traditional exercise (like riding a stationary recumbent bicycle or walking on a treadmill), Group B- playing Nintendo Wii Exergames with a television based video game, or Group C- NO exercise at all.
Every 4th week the 16 week intervention period, all participants in all three groups will also complete 80 minutes of brain training activities each day of the week. This is in addition to the previously assigned physical activity for Groups A \& B. The brain training regimen consists of Posit Science Insight computer based brain games.
The Insight program consists of five different modules that focus on visual processing, attention, and memory. Each of the modules are described below:
Questionnaires regarding the participants mood before and after the brain training weekly are administered. In addition, brief questionnaires on attention and memory are given to measure thinking and memory progress.
University of Florida is the lead sponsor of 1,254 studies on the registry; 201 are open to participants now.
Of its 170 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 136 (80%) have results posted.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Physical exercise will be achieved using traditional methods of aerobic exercise. Participants may choose between walking on a treadmill or riding on a stationary bike (Choices include recumbent or traditional sit-up bike.) Every 4th week, participants will add 80mins./day of Insight gaming for cognitive training.
Behavioral: Exercise · Behavioral: Cognitive Training
Physical exercise in this group will be achieved using the Nintendo Wii Sports Resort and Wii Sports video games. A standardized gaming plan will be used for all participants, with play starting at 15 mins. and increasing 5 mins each week after, up to a maximum of 40 play minutes. Every 4th week, participants will add 80mins./day of Insight gaming for cognitive training.
Behavioral: Exergames · Behavioral: Cognitive Training
Participants will complete 80 mins/day during the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th weeks of the intervention.
Behavioral: Cognitive Training
Participants will do physical activity that raises heart rate to a target heart rate (THR)zone which is pre-calculated using the Karvonen Formula: (THR={(max. heart rate- rest heart rate) x %intensity} + resting heart rate Participants begin exercise regimen starting at 50% THR for intensity and gradually increase by 5% up to a maximum of 75% THR. Activity duration begins at 10 mins./day and increases 5 mins. every week following to a maximum of 40 mins. Polar Heart Rate monitors are used to measure THR and save resulting data.
Participants experience Wii Video Games in a standardized format, beginning with 15 mins of seated play per day on week one, and then increasing 5 mins./week on each week following up to a maximum of 40mins. of play. Participants are made aware of the Target Heart Rate Zone for the week, but are not required to reach that zone during play. The THR is calculated by the Karvonen Formula: THR={(max. heart rate- rest heart rate) x %intensity} + resting heart rate Polar Heart Rate monitors are used to measure THR and save resulting data.
Posit Science INSIGHT program games are used for all cognitive training. Participants are exposed to (2) forty minute game sessions per day, for the cognitive training weeks #4,8,12,16. INSIGHT Assessments are done at baseline, the start of each training week and at week 28.
Bird Safari Subtest of PositScience Insight
Participants identify the bird that is different from the others as it flashes briefly on screen. The test measures visual speed and precision. The test is adaptive, and becomes more difficult with practice in that bird pairs get more similar, backgrounds get more complex, and distance from the center increases. The raw score is in milliseconds. As participants improve, the birds flash for fewer milliseconds, giving them a lower (better) score. Thus, LOWER SCORES reflect IMPROVEMENT These scores have been converted to T-scores (standardized scores with an average of 50 and standard deviation of 10). The formula used was: T-score = ((((participant score minus sample mean at baseline) / (sample standard deviation at baseline) ) \* 10) + 50)
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediate posttest (Week 16), delayed posttest (Week 28)
Jewel Diver Subtest of PositScience Insight
Participants track target objects as they move around the screen. This is a measure of divided attention. As participants master the task, it is made more difficult in that: (a) objects travel more quickly, (b) objects travel over larger area, (c) objects travel for longer, (d) visual contrast decreases. The score is the number of objects participants are able to track. Thus, HIGHER SCORES reflect IMPROVEMENT These scores have been converted to T-scores (standardized scores with an average of 50 and standard deviation of 10). The formula used was: T-score = ((((participant score minus sample mean at baseline) / (sample standard deviation at baseline) ) \* 10) + 50)
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediate posttest (Week 16), delayed posttest (Week 28)
Master Gardener Subtest of PositScience Insight
Participants watch as three or five images briefly flash in different positions on screen. This task measures visual processing speed and visual working memory. As participants master the task, it is made more difficult via: (a) the images change, becoming more similar, (b) the images are shown over a larger area on screen, and (c) participants go from viewing 3 images to 5 images. Participant score is in milliseconds, so that as they improve, the images flash on screen for fewer milliseconds. Thus LOWER SCORES are indicative of IMPROVEMENT. These scores have been converted to T-scores (standardized scores with an average of 50 and standard deviation of 10). The formula used was: T-score = ((((participant score minus sample mean at baseline) / (sample standard deviation at baseline) ) \* 10) + 50)
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediate posttest (Week 16), delayed posttest (Week 28)
Road Tour Subtest of PositScience Insight
Participants choose which car they saw at the center of the screen, and also locate where a "Route 66" sign appeared in the periphery. This is a measure of useful field of view and visual processing speed. As participants master the task, it is made more difficult via: (a) distractors are added, (b) distance from the center increases, (c) cars get more similar, and (d) backgrounds get more complex. Score is in milliseconds. As participants improve, the cars and road signs flash for fewer milliseconds, giving them a lower (better) score. Thus LOWER SCORES are indicative of IMPROVEMENT. These scores have been converted to T-scores (standardized scores with an average of 50 and standard deviation of 10). The formula used was: T-score = ((((participant score minus sample mean at baseline) / (sample standard deviation at baseline) ) \* 10) + 50)
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediate posttest (Week 16), delayed posttest (Week 28)
Sweep Seeker Subtest of PositScience Insight
Participants watch two patterns that "sweep" in or out and identify their direction. The test measures visual processing speed. As participants master the task it is made more difficult via: (a) the colors of the sweeps change, (b) the direction of the sweeps change, and (c) the thickness of the bars change. Participants' scores are in milliseconds. As participants improve, the visual sweeps speed up, giving participants a lower (better) score. Thus LOWER SCORES are indicative of IMPROVEMENT. These scores have been converted to T-scores (standardized scores with an average of 50 and standard deviation of 10). The formula used was: T-score = ((((participant score minus sample mean at baseline) / (sample standard deviation at baseline) ) \* 10) + 50)
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediate posttest (Week 16), delayed posttest (Week 28)
Timed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Task
The TIADL consists of five timed instrumental activities of daily (TIADL) tasks. The score that is generated is the total time required to perform the tasks (e.g., finding a telephone number, making change, finding and reading the ingredients on a can of food, finding food items on a shelf, reading instructions on medicine container). Thus LOWER SCORES are indicative of IMPROVEMENT. These scores have been converted to T-scores (standardized scores with an average of 50 and standard deviation of 10). The formula used was: T-score = ((((participant score minus sample mean at baseline) / (sample standard deviation at baseline) ) \* 10) + 50)
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediate posttest (Week 16), delayed posttest (Week 28)
Participants in the VITAL study were all healthy elders aged 60 years or older. The VITAL participants were drawn from the independent living portion of the retirement community where the study was located as well as from the broader Gainesville community.
| Milestone | Cognitive Training Plus Exercise | Cognitive Training Plus Exergames | Cognitive Training |
|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 25 | 21 | 18 |
| Completed | 22 | 18 | 15 |
| Not completed | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Participants identify the bird that is different from the others as it flashes briefly on screen. The test measures visual speed and precision. The test is adaptive, and becomes more difficult with practice in that bird pairs get more similar, backgrounds get more complex, and distance from the center increases. The raw score is in milliseconds. As participants improve, the birds flash for fewer milliseconds, giving them a lower (better) score. Thus, LOWER SCORES reflect IMPROVEMENT These scores have been converted to T-scores (standardized scores with an average of 50 and standard deviation of 10). The formula used was: T-score = ((((participant score minus sample mean at baseline) / (sample standard deviation at baseline) ) \* 10) + 50)
| T-score units | Cognitive Training Plus Exercise | Cognitive Training Plus Exergames | Cognitive Training |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bird Safari Time 1 | 50.043 ± 1.864 | 50.292 ± 1.987 | 49.570 ± 2.061 |
| Bird Safari Time 2 | 43.218 ± 1.953 | 43.474 ± 2.033 | 43.143 ± 2.107 |
| Bird Safari Time 3 | 42.671 ± 1.997 | 43.610 ± 2.114 | 42.638 ± 2.182 |
Participants track target objects as they move around the screen. This is a measure of divided attention. As participants master the task, it is made more difficult in that: (a) objects travel more quickly, (b) objects travel over larger area, (c) objects travel for longer, (d) visual contrast decreases. The score is the number of objects participants are able to track. Thus, HIGHER SCORES reflect IMPROVEMENT These scores have been converted to T-scores (standardized scores with an average of 50 and standard deviation of 10). The formula used was: T-score = ((((participant score minus sample mean at baseline) / (sample standard deviation at baseline) ) \* 10) + 50)
| T-score units | Cognitive Training Plus Exercise | Cognitive Training Plus Exergames | Cognitive Training |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jewel Diver Time 1 | 48.940 ± 2.057 | 51.052 ± 2.202 | 50.570 ± 2.274 |
| Jewel Diver Time 2 | 63.872 ± 2.139 | 61.577 ± 2.233 | 63.205 ± 2.332 |
| Jewel Diver Time 3 | 62.033 ± 2.139 | 61.121 ± 2.318 | 64.460 ± 2.467 |
Participants watch as three or five images briefly flash in different positions on screen. This task measures visual processing speed and visual working memory. As participants master the task, it is made more difficult via: (a) the images change, becoming more similar, (b) the images are shown over a larger area on screen, and (c) participants go from viewing 3 images to 5 images. Participant score is in milliseconds, so that as they improve, the images flash on screen for fewer milliseconds. Thus LOWER SCORES are indicative of IMPROVEMENT. These scores have been converted to T-scores (standardized scores with an average of 50 and standard deviation of 10). The formula used was: T-score = ((((participant score minus sample mean at baseline) / (sample standard deviation at baseline) ) \* 10) + 50)
| T-score units | Cognitive Training Plus Exercise | Cognitive Training Plus Exergames | Cognitive Training |
|---|---|---|---|
| Master Gardener Time 1 | 49.938 ± 1.618 | 50.082 ± 1.731 | 49.833 ± 1.788 |
| Master Gardener Time 2 | 44.600 ± 1.650 | 44.851 ± 1.739 | 44.542 ± 1.838 |
| Master Gardener Time 3 | 44.700 ± 1.685 | 46.896 ± 1.781 | 44.759 ± 1.954 |
Participants choose which car they saw at the center of the screen, and also locate where a "Route 66" sign appeared in the periphery. This is a measure of useful field of view and visual processing speed. As participants master the task, it is made more difficult via: (a) distractors are added, (b) distance from the center increases, (c) cars get more similar, and (d) backgrounds get more complex. Score is in milliseconds. As participants improve, the cars and road signs flash for fewer milliseconds, giving them a lower (better) score. Thus LOWER SCORES are indicative of IMPROVEMENT. These scores have been converted to T-scores (standardized scores with an average of 50 and standard deviation of 10). The formula used was: T-score = ((((participant score minus sample mean at baseline) / (sample standard deviation at baseline) ) \* 10) + 50)
| T-score units | Cognitive Training Plus Exercise | Cognitive Training Plus Exergames | Cognitive Training |
|---|---|---|---|
| Road Tour Time 1 | 50.097 ± 1.540 | 53.424 ± 1.661 | 47.427 ± 1.703 |
| Road Tour Time 2 | 40.279 ± 1.582 | 37.197 ± 1.669 | 36.622 ± 1.797 |
| Road Tour Time 3 | 40.032 ± 1.604 | 38.803 ± 1.755 | 36.691 ± 1.916 |
Participants watch two patterns that "sweep" in or out and identify their direction. The test measures visual processing speed. As participants master the task it is made more difficult via: (a) the colors of the sweeps change, (b) the direction of the sweeps change, and (c) the thickness of the bars change. Participants' scores are in milliseconds. As participants improve, the visual sweeps speed up, giving participants a lower (better) score. Thus LOWER SCORES are indicative of IMPROVEMENT. These scores have been converted to T-scores (standardized scores with an average of 50 and standard deviation of 10). The formula used was: T-score = ((((participant score minus sample mean at baseline) / (sample standard deviation at baseline) ) \* 10) + 50)
| T-score units | Cognitive Training Plus Exercise | Cognitive Training Plus Exergames | Cognitive Training |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sweep Seeker Time 1 | 51.002 ± 1.641 | 48.784 ± 1.776 | 49.505 ± 1.814 |
| Sweep Seeker Time 2 | 43.846 ± 1.743 | 44.003 ± 1.929 | 42.021 ± 1.884 |
| Sweep Seeker Time 3 | 42.231 ± 1.805 | 44.997 ± 1.928 | 43.304 ± 2.051 |
The TIADL consists of five timed instrumental activities of daily (TIADL) tasks. The score that is generated is the total time required to perform the tasks (e.g., finding a telephone number, making change, finding and reading the ingredients on a can of food, finding food items on a shelf, reading instructions on medicine container). Thus LOWER SCORES are indicative of IMPROVEMENT. These scores have been converted to T-scores (standardized scores with an average of 50 and standard deviation of 10). The formula used was: T-score = ((((participant score minus sample mean at baseline) / (sample standard deviation at baseline) ) \* 10) + 50)
| T-score units | Cognitive Training Plus Exercise | Cognitive Training Plus Exergames | Cognitive Training |
|---|---|---|---|
| Timed IADL Time 1 | 52.065 ± 2.710 | 49.084 ± 2.956 | 48.094 ± 3.286 |
| Timed IADL Time 2 | 51.040 ± 2.861 | 47.540 ± 3.018 | 46.948 ± 3.465 |
| Timed IADL Time 3 | 57.284 ± 3.033 | 46.941 ± 3.146 | 47.095 ± 3.465 |
Collected over 5 years. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive Training Plus Exercise | — | 0/25 (0%) | 0/25 (0%) |
| Cognitive Training Plus Exergames | — | 1/21 (4.8%) | 0/21 (0%) |
| Cognitive Training | — | 0/18 (0%) | 0/18 (0%) |
| Event | Cognitive Training Plus Exercise | Cognitive Training Plus Exergames | Cognitive Training |
|---|---|---|---|
| 363801007 Observable feature of fallsGeneral disorders | 0/25 | 1/21 | 0/18 |
| Age, Categorical(Participants) | Cognitive Training Plus Exercise | Cognitive Training Plus Exergames | Cognitive Training | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <=18 years | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Between 18 and 65 years | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| >=65 years | 23 | 20 | 18 | 61 |
| Age, Continuous(years) | Cognitive Training Plus Exercise | Cognitive Training Plus Exergames | Cognitive Training | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 79.6400 (62 to 93) | 78.1905 (60 to 89) | 77.2778 (65 to 88) | 78.8133 (60 to 93) |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Cognitive Training Plus Exercise | Cognitive Training Plus Exergames | Cognitive Training | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 22 | 13 | 9 | 44 |
| Male | 3 | 8 | 9 | 20 |
| Region of Enrollment(participants) | Cognitive Training Plus Exercise | Cognitive Training Plus Exergames | Cognitive Training | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 25 | 21 | 18 | 64 |
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