CClinicalTrials.gg
TerminatedNCT01486407Updated Jan 8, 2026Results posted

Observational Study of Rapid Sequence Intubation Drug Delivery Using Intraosseous and Intravenous Access.

An observational study in Airway Control, sponsored by Vidacare Corporation. Terminated at 2 sites in United States. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-01-08.

Sponsored by Vidacare Corporation · Observational

Why this study was terminated
For poor enrollment
Study type
Observational
Model
Case-control
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
4
Sex
All
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Study summary

This study will evaluate using intraosseous vascular access and intravenous vascular access to give patients the necessary medications to perform rapid sequence intubation, for patients with airway difficulties. The investigators think the device operator will find the intraosseous and intravenous routes equal for drug delivery.

Read the detailed description

This observational study will evaluate the intubating conditions of patients receiving rapid sequence intubation when receiving paralytic drug delivery via intravenous or intraosseous vascular access from the perspective of the medical professional performing rapid sequence intubation. The investigators believe that medical professionals will find equal intubating conditions for intravenous and intraosseous drug delivery.

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Conditions studied

  • Airway Control

Keywords

  • Airway management
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In context

Lead sponsor

Vidacare Corporation is the lead sponsor of 13 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
Child (0–17), Adult (18–64), Older adult (65+)
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Patients in the emergency department with airway difficulties requiring rapid sequence intubation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Requires rapid sequence intubation
  • Succinylcholine is chosen paralytic agent
  • Intravenous (IV) or Intraosseous (IO) access has been established for rapid sequence intubation
  • For IV access patients, their rapid sequence intubation case is the next occurring IV rapid sequence intubation case following an enrolled IO Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) case.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Vascular access other than IV or IO has been established
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Study design

Observational model
Case-control
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
4 participants (actual)

Groups and cohorts

  • Intravenous (IV) drug delivery

    patients on whom intravenous vascular access has been established for the purpose of rapid sequence intubation drug delivery.

  • Intraosseous (IO) drug delivery

    Patients on whom intraosseous vascular access has been established for rapid sequence intubation drug delivery.

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Time From First Drug Delivery to Operator-perceived Sufficient Relaxation to Perform Endotracheal Tube Placement

    Time measured in seconds from first drug delivery to the time of operator-perceived sufficient relaxation to perform endotracheal tube placement

    Time frame: during rapid sequence intubation procedure, average expected time frame 30 minutes

  2. Intubation Difficulty Scale

    Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS) provides a numerical Total score describing the difficulty of the intubation procedure based upon the summation of the following individual sub-scores: number of attempts (each additional attempt adds (+)1 point, minimum score=0, no maximum), number of operators (each additional +1 point, minimum score=0, no maximum), use of alternative techniques (each alternative technique +1 point, minimum score=0, no maximum), cormack grade for first oral attempt (measures the quality of the view of the larynx using grades 1 - 4 where higher number means poorer visibility; successful blind intubation=0. minimum score=0, maximum=4), lifting force required (normal=0 or increased=1), laryngeal pressure (not applied=0 or applied=1), vocal cord mobility (abduction=0 or adduction=1). Total IDS minimum score=0, no maximum score. Score 0=Easy; Score 1 - 5 =slight difficulty; Score \>5 =moderate to major difficulty Score infinite =Failed/Impossible intubation

    Time frame: during rapid sequence intubation procedure, average expected time frame 30 minutes

  3. Operator Satisfaction With Intubating Conditions Using Visual Analog Scale

    Operator reported level of satisfaction with intubating conditions regarding adequacy of sedation and adequacy of muscular relaxation. This is reported using a 100 mm visual analog scale from 0 - 100 where higher numbers indicate greater satisfaction.

    Time frame: during rapid sequence intubation procedure, average expected time frame 30 minutes

  4. Failure Rate of Endotracheal Intubation and Requirement for Alternative Airway Management Methods

    Failure rate of endotracheal intubation and requirement for alternative airway management methods

    Time frame: during rapid sequence intubation procedure, average time frame 30 minutes

Secondary outcomes

  1. Incidence of Short-term Catheter Related Complications for Each Technique

    Incidence of short-term catheter related complications for each technique (IO vs IV)

    Time frame: during emergency department stay, average time frame 24 hours

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Results

Posted Jan 8, 2026

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneIntravenous (IV) Drug DeliveryIntraosseous (IO) Drug Delivery
Started22
Completed22
Not completed00

Outcome measures

PrimaryTime From First Drug Delivery to Operator-perceived Sufficient Relaxation to Perform Endotracheal Tube Placement

Time measured in seconds from first drug delivery to the time of operator-perceived sufficient relaxation to perform endotracheal tube placement

Time frame:
during rapid sequence intubation procedure, average expected time frame 30 minutes
Reported as:
Mean · seconds
Time From First Drug Delivery to Operator-perceived Sufficient Relaxation to Perform Endotracheal Tube Placement
secondsIntravenous (IV) Drug DeliveryIntraosseous (IO) Drug Delivery
Time From First Drug Delivery to Operator-perceived Sufficient Relaxation to Perform Endotracheal Tube Placement62.5 ± 2.1245 ± 21.21
PrimaryIntubation Difficulty Scale

Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS) provides a numerical Total score describing the difficulty of the intubation procedure based upon the summation of the following individual sub-scores: number of attempts (each additional attempt adds (+)1 point, minimum score=0, no maximum), number of operators (each additional +1 point, minimum score=0, no maximum), use of alternative techniques (each alternative technique +1 point, minimum score=0, no maximum), cormack grade for first oral attempt (measures the quality of the view of the larynx using grades 1 - 4 where higher number means poorer visibility; successful blind intubation=0. minimum score=0, maximum=4), lifting force required (normal=0 or increased=1), laryngeal pressure (not applied=0 or applied=1), vocal cord mobility (abduction=0 or adduction=1). Total IDS minimum score=0, no maximum score. Score 0=Easy; Score 1 - 5 =slight difficulty; Score \>5 =moderate to major difficulty Score infinite =Failed/Impossible intubation

Time frame:
during rapid sequence intubation procedure, average expected time frame 30 minutes
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Intubation Difficulty Scale
units on a scaleIntravenous (IV) Drug DeliveryIntraosseous (IO) Drug Delivery
Intubation Difficulty Scale1.5 ± 0.712 ± 1.41
PrimaryOperator Satisfaction With Intubating Conditions Using Visual Analog Scale

Operator reported level of satisfaction with intubating conditions regarding adequacy of sedation and adequacy of muscular relaxation. This is reported using a 100 mm visual analog scale from 0 - 100 where higher numbers indicate greater satisfaction.

Time frame:
during rapid sequence intubation procedure, average expected time frame 30 minutes
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Operator Satisfaction With Intubating Conditions Using Visual Analog Scale
units on a scaleIntravenous (IV) Drug DeliveryIntraosseous (IO) Drug Delivery
Operator Satisfaction With Intubating Conditions Using Visual Analog Scale95.75 ± 6.0192.25 ± 0.35
PrimaryFailure Rate of Endotracheal Intubation and Requirement for Alternative Airway Management Methods

Failure rate of endotracheal intubation and requirement for alternative airway management methods

Time frame:
during rapid sequence intubation procedure, average time frame 30 minutes
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Failure Rate of Endotracheal Intubation and Requirement for Alternative Airway Management Methods
ParticipantsIntravenous (IV) Drug DeliveryIntraosseous (IO) Drug Delivery
Failure Rate of Endotracheal Intubation and Requirement for Alternative Airway Management Methods00
SecondaryIncidence of Short-term Catheter Related Complications for Each Technique

Incidence of short-term catheter related complications for each technique (IO vs IV)

Time frame:
during emergency department stay, average time frame 24 hours
Reported as:
Number · complications
Incidence of Short-term Catheter Related Complications for Each Technique
complicationsIntravenous (IV) Drug DeliveryIntraosseous (IO) Drug Delivery
Incidence of Short-term Catheter Related Complications for Each Technique00

Adverse events

Collected over Duration of participants stay in the Emergency Department, up to 24 hours.. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Intravenous (IV) Drug Delivery0/2 (0%)0/2 (0%)0/2 (0%)
Intraosseous (IO) Drug Delivery0/2 (0%)0/2 (0%)0/2 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)Intravenous (IV) Drug DeliveryIntraosseous (IO) Drug DeliveryTotal
<=18 years011
Between 18 and 65 years202
>=65 years011
Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Intravenous (IV) Drug DeliveryIntraosseous (IO) Drug DeliveryTotal
Mean39.5 ± 6.3641 ± 56.5740.25 ± 32.88
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Intravenous (IV) Drug DeliveryIntraosseous (IO) Drug DeliveryTotal
Female022
Male202
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected(Participants)Intravenous (IV) Drug DeliveryIntraosseous (IO) Drug DeliveryTotal
Count of participants——0
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Intravenous (IV) Drug DeliveryIntraosseous (IO) Drug DeliveryTotal
United States224
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Study locations

2 sites
  • Christus Spohn Hospital Corpus Christi
    Corpus Christi, Texas 78405, United States
  • Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso
    El Paso, Texas 79905, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Reades R, Studnek JR, Vandeventer S, Garrett J. Intraosseous versus intravenous vascular access during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2011 Dec;58(6):509-16. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.07.020. PubMed 21856044 ↗
  • Adnet F, Borron SW, Racine SX, Clemessy JL, Fournier JL, Plaisance P, Lapandry C. The intubation difficulty scale (IDS): proposal and evaluation of a new score characterizing the complexity of endotracheal intubation. Anesthesiology. 1997 Dec;87(6):1290-7. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199712000-00005. PubMed 9416711 ↗
  • Leidel BA, Kirchhoff C, Bogner V, Braunstein V, Biberthaler P, Kanz KG. Comparison of intraosseous versus central venous vascular access in adults under resuscitation in the emergency department with inaccessible peripheral veins. Resuscitation. 2012 Jan;83(1):40-5. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.08.017. Epub 2011 Sep 3. PubMed 21893125 ↗
  • Deakin CD, Nolan JP, Sunde K, Koster RW. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 3. Electrical therapies: automated external defibrillators, defibrillation, cardioversion and pacing. Resuscitation. 2010 Oct;81(10):1293-304. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.008. No abstract available. PubMed 20956050 ↗
  • Kleinman ME, de Caen AR, Chameides L, Atkins DL, Berg RA, Berg MD, Bhanji F, Biarent D, Bingham R, Coovadia AH, Hazinski MF, Hickey RW, Nadkarni VM, Reis AG, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Tibballs J, Zaritsky AL, Zideman D; Pediatric Basic and Advanced Life Support Chapter Collaborators. Pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Pediatrics. 2010 Nov;126(5):e1261-318. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-2972A. Epub 2010 Oct 18. No abstract available. PubMed 20956433 ↗
  • Brierley J, Carcillo JA, Choong K, Cornell T, Decaen A, Deymann A, Doctor A, Davis A, Duff J, Dugas MA, Duncan A, Evans B, Feldman J, Felmet K, Fisher G, Frankel L, Jeffries H, Greenwald B, Gutierrez J, Hall M, Han YY, Hanson J, Hazelzet J, Hernan L, Kiff J, Kissoon N, Kon A, Irazuzta J, Lin J, Lorts A, Mariscalco M, Mehta R, Nadel S, Nguyen T, Nicholson C, Peters M, Okhuysen-Cawley R, Poulton T, Relves M, Rodriguez A, Rozenfeld R, Schnitzler E, Shanley T, Kache S, Skippen P, Torres A, von Dessauer B, Weingarten J, Yeh T, Zaritsky A, Stojadinovic B, Zimmerman J, Zuckerberg A. Clinical practice parameters for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal septic shock: 2007 update from the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Crit Care Med. 2009 Feb;37(2):666-88. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819323c6. PubMed 19325359 ↗
  • Von Hoff DD, Kuhn JG, Burris HA 3rd, Miller LJ. Does intraosseous equal intravenous? A pharmacokinetic study. Am J Emerg Med. 2008 Jan;26(1):31-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.03.024. PubMed 18082778 ↗
  • Orlowski JP, Porembka DT, Gallagher JM, Lockrem JD, VanLente F. Comparison study of intraosseous, central intravenous, and peripheral intravenous infusions of emergency drugs. Am J Dis Child. 1990 Jan;144(1):112-7. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1990.02150250124049. PubMed 1688484 ↗
  • Laurin EG, Sakles JC, Panacek EA, Rantapaa AA, Redd J. A comparison of succinylcholine and rocuronium for rapid-sequence intubation of emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2000 Dec;7(12):1362-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb00493.x. PubMed 11099426 ↗
  • Perry JJ, Lee JS, Sillberg VA, Wells GA. Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction intubation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Apr 16;(2):CD002788. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002788.pub2. PubMed 18425883 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 8, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01486407
Lead sponsor
Vidacare Corporation
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Dec 6, 2011
Start date
Feb 2012
Primary completion
Dec 2012
Completion
Dec 2012
Results posted
Jan 8, 2026
Last update
Jan 8, 2026

Study contacts

Stephen W Borron, MD
principal investigator · Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is terminated, as verified in Dec 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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