Comparative Study of Photopic and Mesopic Distance, Intermediate and Near Visual Acuity, and Spectacle Independence

• 18 years of age or older
• Status post bilateral cataract or refractive lens surgery (with or without LRI) and implantation of Tecnis™ Multifocal IOL or Crystalens™ HD Accommodating IOL
• Best-corrected ETDRS equivalent visual acuity of 20/30 or better in each eye
• Naturally dilated pupil size (in dim light) > 3.5 mm (with no dilation medications) for both eyes
• Clear intraocular media (no posterior capsular opacification, or status post YAG capsulotomy)
• Availability, willingness, and sufficient cognitive awareness to comply with examination procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

• Ocular disease which could potentially limit uncorrected visual acuity or visual performance.
• Use of systemic or ocular medications that may affect visual outcomes
• Acute or chronic disease or illness that would increase risk or confound study results (e.g. diabetes mellitus, immunocompromised, etc.)
• Uncontrolled systemic or ocular disease
• History of ocular trauma
• History of ocular surgery other than that required for inclusion in this study
• Amblyopia or strabismus
• Known pathology that may affect visual acuity; particularly retinal changes that affect vision (macular degeneration, cystoid macular edema, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, etc.)
• Diagnosed degenerative visual disorders (e.g. macular degeneration, or other retinal disorders) that are predicted to cause future acuity losses to a level of worse than 20/30
• Subjects who may be expected to require retinal laser treatment or other surgical intervention
• Capsule or zonular abnormalities that may affect postoperative centration or tilt of the lens (e.g. pseudoexfoliation syndrome)
• Pupil abnormalities (non-reactive, tonic pupils or abnormally shaped pupils)