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CompletedNCT01040468SOLIDUpdated Aug 19, 2016

Surgery Or Lifestyle Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes (SOLID)

A Phase 3 interventional study of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass surgery and Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding surgery in Type 2 Diabetes, sponsored by University of Pennsylvania. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2016-08-19.

Sponsored by University of Pennsylvania · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
7
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This research study will investigate the safety and effectiveness of weight loss surgery for overweight persons with type 2 diabetes. Eligible patients will undergo one of 2 types of weight loss surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, or an intensive lifestyle modification. Participants will be closely followed for one year to compare the effects of these treatments on diabetes remission.

02

Conditions studied

  • Type 2 Diabetes

Keywords

  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Bariatric Surgery
  • Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
  • Gastric Banding
  • Obesity
  • Weight loss
  • Insulin sensitivity
  • GLP-1
  • Meal Challenge
  • Euglycemic Clamp
03

In context

Diabetes Mellitus

10,923 studies on the registry are indexed under Diabetes Mellitus; 1,318 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 7 is below the median of 80 across 8,367 interventional studies indexed under Diabetes Mellitus.

Browse Diabetes Mellitus studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Pennsylvania is the lead sponsor of 1,633 studies on the registry; 239 are open to participants now.

Of its 154 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 104 (68%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Ages 18 to 65 years old.
  • Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
  • Individuals with a BMI of 30-40 kg/m2
  • Approval for bariatric surgery (as confirmed by medical evaluation)
  • Insurance coverage for bariatric surgery
  • Willingness to change diet, physical activity and weight.
  • Ability to communicate with the investigator and be legally competent, provide written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) (all of which are associated with ß-cell destruction), daily insulin requirements > 100 units, and poor preoperative glycemic control, as indicated by a HbA1c > 6.5 - ≤ 8.5 or HbA1c > 8.6 - \< 9.5 (individuals with this HbA1c value will require medical clearance and approval from the study physician).
  • Children and adolescents are not eligible to participate in the study.
  • Pregnant women (or those who intend to become pregnant during the study period) and women who are currently breastfeeding are not eligible to participate.
  • Use of medications known to significantly increase body weight, such as chronic systemic steroids or certain psychiatric medications (e.g., lithium tricyclic antidepressants and anti-psychotic agents).
  • Non-ambulatory individuals, defined as those who are unable to walk at least one city block without a cane or walker.
  • Any major illnesses that the surgical team believes present too great a risk for surgery. These include severe cardiac and pulmonary diseases, as well as uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.
  • Evidence of major depression or other psychiatric disorder (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, bulimia nervosa, etc.) that is uncontrolled, poorly controlled, or, in the opinion of the Investigators, significantly interferes with daily living and functioning.
  • Any current (past 12 months) substance abuse or dependence disorder.
  • Participants with moderate anemia (Hgb \< 12 mg/dl for men and Hgb \< 11 mg/dl for women)
  • Conditions that may falsely elevate or decrease HbA1c values, including hemolytic or iron-deficiency anemia, hemoglobinopathies, and uremia.
  • Abnormal laboratory tests which are clinically significant per the investigator.
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
7 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass surgery

    Surgical intervention for weight loss

    Procedure: Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass surgery

  • Active comparator
    Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding surgery

    Surgical intervention for weight loss

    Procedure: Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding surgery

  • Active comparator
    Intensive Lifestyle Modification

    Lifestyle intervention for weight loss

    Behavioral: Intensive Lifestyle Modification

Interventions

  • ProcedureRoux-en-Y Gastric Bypass surgery

    Surgical intervention for weight loss. This is a one-year study and participants will attend five study visits.

  • ProcedureLaparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding surgery

    Surgical intervention for weight loss. This is a one-year study and participants will attend five study visits.

  • BehavioralIntensive Lifestyle Modification

    Intensive lifestyle modification program for weight loss. Participants randomized to this condition will receive an weekly individual treatment of 30 minutes for the first 6 months and every-other-week sessions from months 7 to 12. Treatment will be provided by a behavioral psychologist or registered dietitian following a structured curriculum used in our prior studies. During the first 4 months, participants will be prescribed a 1000-1200 kcal/d diet that provides four daily servings of meal replacement products (liquid shakes, cereals, meal bars, etc), combined with an evening dinner entree. Each serving of the meal replacement (HMR 170; Boston, MA) will provide 170 calories, with 16 g of protein, 22 g of carbohydrate, and 2 g of fat. Dinner entrees (containing at least 20 g of protein and approximately 220-260 kcal) will be consumed with a garden salad and a serving of fruit (and other vegetables allowed ad libitum throughout the day).

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. The primary objective of this study is to compare the rates of diabetes remission over one year.

    Time frame: One year

Secondary outcomes

  1. Secondary objectives of this study are to determine the effects of the three treatment conditions on insulin sensitivity, endogenous glucose production, postprandial insulin release, and levels of gut hormones (including GLP-1).

    Time frame: One year

  2. To compare other benefits (e.g., improvements in quality of life, dietary intake, and physical activity), as well as risks (e.g., hypoglycemia, cholecystitis, early and late surgical complications), of the three interventions.

    Time frame: One year

  3. To examine the attitudes that patients, health care professionals, and insurance providers have toward the use of bariatric surgery to treat type 2 diabetes.

    Time frame: One year

07

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Pennsylvania Center for Weight and Eating Disorders
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
08

References and documents

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 19, 2016, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01040468
Lead sponsor
University of Pennsylvania
Collaborators
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Dec 29, 2009
Start date
Sep 2009
Primary completion
Mar 2015
Completion
Mar 2015
Last update
Aug 19, 2016

Study contacts

David B Sarwer, Ph.D.
principal investigator · University of Pennsylvania
Thomas A Wadden, Ph.D.
principal investigator · University of Pennsylvania
Noel Williams, M.D.
principal investigator · University of Pennsylvania Department of Surgery

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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