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CompletedNCT00802282Updated Feb 24, 2016

Psilocybin and Spiritual Practice

A Phase 1 interventional study of psilocybin and Intensity of support for spiritual practice in Healthy, sponsored by Johns Hopkins University. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 21 Years to 70 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2016-02-24.

Sponsored by Johns Hopkins University · Phase 1, Interventional, and Basic science

Phase
Phase 1
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
75
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
21 Years to 70 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study will investigate the effects of psilocybin dose and the frequency and intensity of support activities for spiritual practice (e.g., meditation) on a battery of attitudinal and behavioral outcome measures in 75 healthy volunteers who are interested in pursuing a program of spiritual practices with the intention applying spiritual insights and knowledge to everyday life. After screening and study enrollment, each volunteer will be assigned to one of five groups that vary in dose, frequency and intensity of support for spiritual practice, and number of psilocybin sessions (either 2 or 3 sessions). The psilocybin dose manipulation will be double-blind. Volunteers will be told that in each of sessions 1, 2, and 3, he/she could receive a very low, low, moderate, moderately high, or high dose of psilocybin. They will be told that each participant will receive 2 or more dose levels of psilocybin over the 2 or 3 sessions, and all participants will have one or more sessions in which he or she receives a moderately high or high dose of psilocybin. The duration of each volunteer's participation will be approximately 6 to 8 months. Each volunteer will receive several hours of preparation with the study guides in the month prior to the first psilocybin session; the first two sessions will be separated by one month. Various measures will be assessed before, during and immediately after sessions. A battery of longitudinal measures will be evaluated immediately after study enrollment, 3 weeks after the second psilocybin session, and 4 months after the second psilocybin session (6 months after study enrollment). For purposes of controlling expectancies through the 6 month follow-up evaluation, volunteers and guides will not know which volunteers or how many volunteers will be scheduled for a third session.

02

Conditions studied

  • Healthy

Keywords

  • healthy volunteers
  • spirituality
  • psilocybin
  • meditation
03

In context

Lead sponsor

Johns Hopkins University is the lead sponsor of 1,783 studies on the registry; 313 are open to participants now.

Of its 203 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 140 (69%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
21 Years to 70 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Eligibility criteria for volunteers who will receive psilocybin

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 21 to 70 years old
  • Have given written informed consent
  • Have a high school level of education
  • Be healthy and psychologically stable as determined by screening for medical and psychiatric problems via a personal interview, a medical questionnaire, a physical examination, an electrocardiogram (ECG), and routine medical blood and urinalysis laboratory tests.
  • Have an active interest in exploring and developing their spiritual lives
  • Cigarette smokers must agree to abstain from smoking on psilocybin session days from 1 hour before psilocybin administration until at least 6 hours after psilocybin administration.
  • Agree to consume approximately the same amount of caffeine-containing beverage (e.g., coffee, tea) that he/she consumes on a usual morning, before arriving at the research unit on the mornings of drug session days. If the volunteer does not routinely consume caffeinated beverages, he or she must agree not to do so on session days.
  • Agree to refrain from using any psychoactive drugs, including alcoholic beverages, within 24 hours of each psilocybin administration. Exceptions include caffeine and nicotine.
  • Agree not to take any PRN medications on the mornings of psilocybin sessions
  • Agree that for one week before each psilocybin session, he/she will refrain from taking any nonprescription medication, nutritional supplement, or herbal supplement except when approved by the study investigators. Exceptions will be evaluated by the study investigators and will include acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and common doses of vitamins and minerals.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

General medical exclusion criteria:

  • Women who are pregnant (as indicated by a positive urine pregnancy test assessed at intake and before each drug session) or nursing; women who are of child-bearing potential and sexually active who are not practicing an effective means of birth control
  • Cardiovascular conditions: coronary artery disease, stroke, angina, uncontrolled hypertension, a clinically significant ECG abnormality (e.g., atrial fibrillation), or TIA in the past year
  • Epilepsy with history of seizures
  • Insulin-dependent diabetes; if taking oral hypoglycemic agent, then no history of hypoglycemia
  • Currently taking psychoactive prescription medication on a regular (e.g., daily) basis
  • Currently taking on a regular (e.g., daily) basis any medications having a primary centrally-acting pharmacological effect on serotonin neurons or medications that are MAO inhibitors. For individuals who have intermittent or PRN use of such medications, psilocybin sessions will not be conducted until at least 5 half-lives of the agent have elapsed after the last dose.
  • More than 20% outside the upper or lower range of ideal body weight

Psychiatric Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current or past history of meeting DSM-IV criteria for Schizophrenia, Psychotic Disorder (unless substance-induced or due to a medical condition), or Bipolar I or II Disorder.
  • Current or past history within the last 5 years of meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol or drug dependence (excluding caffeine and nicotine) or severe major depression.
  • Have a first or second degree relative with Schizophrenia, Psychotic Disorder (unless substance induced or due to a medical condition), or Bipolar I or II Disorder.
  • Currently meets DSM-IV criteria for Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, or other psychiatric conditions judged to be incompatible with establishment of rapport or safe exposure to psilocybin
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 1
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
75 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    1

    First of 5 groups, as described in the protocol and to which volunteers are blinded

    Drug: psilocybin · Behavioral: Intensity of support for spiritual practice · Behavioral: Number of sessions

  • Experimental
    2

    Second of 5 groups, as described in the protocol and to which volunteers are blinded

    Drug: psilocybin · Behavioral: Intensity of support for spiritual practice · Behavioral: Number of sessions

  • Experimental
    3

    Third of 5 groups, as described in the protocol and to which volunteers are blinded

    Drug: psilocybin · Behavioral: Intensity of support for spiritual practice · Behavioral: Number of sessions

  • Experimental
    4

    Fourth of 5 groups, as described in the protocol and to which volunteers are blinded

    Drug: psilocybin · Behavioral: Intensity of support for spiritual practice · Behavioral: Number of sessions

  • Experimental
    5

    Fifth of 5 groups as described in the protocol and to which volunteers are blinded

    Drug: psilocybin · Behavioral: Intensity of support for spiritual practice · Behavioral: Number of sessions

Interventions

  • Drugpsilocybin

    dose manipulation as described in the protocol and to which volunteers are blinded

  • BehavioralIntensity of support for spiritual practice

    Volunteers will be assigned to standard or high support, as described in the protocol

  • BehavioralNumber of sessions

    Volunteers will be assigned to either 2 or 3 sessions, as described in the protocol

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Hood Mysticism Scale

    Time frame: At end of sessions

  2. States of Consciousness Questionnaire

    Time frame: At end of sessions

  3. Persisting Effects Questionnaire

    Time frame: 3 weeks after each session

Secondary outcomes

  1. Daily spiritual experiences scale

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 weeks after second session, 6 months, and 3 weeks after the third session

  2. A battery assessing various measures of gratitude, forgiveness, religious coping, death attitude, life purpose, life satisfaction, and psychological functioning

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 weeks after second session, 6 months, and 3 weeks after the third session

  3. Blood markers of stress and immune function

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 weeks after second session, 6 months, and 3 weeks after the third session

  4. Brief symptom inventory

    Time frame: Baseline, one week after each session, and at 6 months

  5. Visual effects questionnaire

    Time frame: Baseline, 6 months, and 3 weeks after the third session

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center
    Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Griffiths RR, Richards WA, McCann U, Jesse R. Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Aug;187(3):268-83; discussion 284-92. doi: 10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5. Epub 2006 Jul 7. PubMed 16826400 ↗
  • Griffiths R, Richards W, Johnson M, McCann U, Jesse R. Mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later. J Psychopharmacol. 2008 Aug;22(6):621-32. doi: 10.1177/0269881108094300. Epub 2008 Jul 1. PubMed 18593735 ↗
  • Johnson M, Richards W, Griffiths R. Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety. J Psychopharmacol. 2008 Aug;22(6):603-20. doi: 10.1177/0269881108093587. Epub 2008 Jul 1. PubMed 18593734 ↗
  • Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Richards WA, Richards BD, Jesse R, MacLean KA, Barrett FS, Cosimano MP, Klinedinst MA. Psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience in combination with meditation and other spiritual practices produces enduring positive changes in psychological functioning and in trait measures of prosocial attitudes and behaviors. J Psychopharmacol. 2018 Jan;32(1):49-69. doi: 10.1177/0269881117731279. Epub 2017 Oct 11. PubMed 29020861 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 24, 2016, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT00802282
Lead sponsor
Johns Hopkins University
Collaborators
Fetzer Institute, The CSP Fund of the San Francisco Foundation
Responsible party
Roland Griffiths (Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Dec 4, 2008
Start date
Aug 2009
Primary completion
Feb 2014
Completion
May 2014
Last update
Feb 24, 2016

Study contacts

Roland R Griffiths, Ph.D.
principal investigator · Johns Hopkins University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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