A Phase 3 interventional study of Everolimus and Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in Kidney Transplantation, sponsored by Novartis. Completed at 1 site in Japan. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2013-06-21.
Sponsored by Novartis · Phase 3, Interventional, and Prevention
The 12 Month Core Study (CRAD001A1202) was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety comparing concentration-controlled everolimus (1.5 mg/day starting dose) with reduced dose cyclosporine and corticosteroids versus 2 g/day mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with standard dose cyclosporine and corticosteroids in de novo renal transplant recipients.
Extension Study (CRAD001A1202E1): Until 24 months after renal transplantation, the study was designed to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy comparing concentration-controlled everolimus with reduced dose cyclosporine (Neoral®) and corticosteroids versus mycophenolate mofetil with standard dose Neoral® and corticosteroids in de novo renal transplant recipients. Beyond 24 months after renal transplantation, the study was designed to provide everolimus treatment for patients in everolimus group until everolimus is approved and marketed in Japan.
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Core Study Inclusion Criteria:
Core Study Exclusion Criteria:
Extension Study Inclusion Criteria:
Extension Study Exclusion Criteria:
Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply
An initial everolimus dose of 0.75 mg orally twice daily (1.5 mg/day) was administered 24-36 hours from reperfusion after transplantation and dose adjustments based on everolimus trough level (target trough level 3-8 ng/mL). Reduced dose of cyclosporine was initiated either pre-transplantation or within 24 hours after transplantation following the local regimen. Patients were treated with antibody induction therapy using 20 mg basiliximab two hours prior to transplant and 20 mg basiliximab 4 days post transplant or according to local practice. Corticosteroids were administered according to local practice. Patients were treated for 12 months in the core study and 12 months in the extension study. Everolimus was available after 24 months for compassionate use.
Drug: Everolimus · Drug: Basiliximab · Drug: Cyclosporine A · Drug: Corticosteroid
Patients were treated with 1 gram twice a day (2 grams/day) of Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and standard dose of cyclosporine for 12 months post renal transplant. Patients were treated with antibody induction therapy using 20 mg basiliximab two hours prior to transplant and 20 mg basiliximab 4 days post transplant or according to local practice. Corticosteroids were administered according to local practice. Patients were treated for 12 months in the core study and 12 months in the extension study.
Drug: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) · Drug: Basiliximab · Drug: Cyclosporine A · Drug: Corticosteroid
0.75 mg twice daily, trough level adjusting between 3 and 8 ng/ml.
Also known as: Certican
The initial dose of 2 gm/day Mycophenolate mofetil was started within 24-36 hours from reperfusion after transplantation. MMF was administered daily for 12 months in the core study and 12 months in the extension study.
Also known as: MMF
Patients received first dose of basiliximab (20 mg) 2 hours prior to transplantation and 20 mg at Day 4 or according to local practice
The cyclosporine was initiated either pre-transplant or within 24 hours after transplantation following local regime. Standard dose of cyclosporine was administered with MMF. The Reduced dose of cyclosporine was administered with everolimus.
Also known as: Neoral®
Corticosteroid was administered according to local practice during the trial but at a dose not less than 5mg per day for 12 months of the study
Core Study: Number of Patients With Composite Efficacy Endpoint
The composite efficacy endpoint consisted of treated biopsy proven acute rejection (BPAR) episodes, graft loss, death or loss to follow-up. A treated BPAR was defined as a biopsy graded IA, IB, IIA, IIB, or III and which was treated with anti-rejection therapy. The allograft was presumed to be lost on the day the patient starts dialysis and was not able to stop dialysis. If the patient underwent a graft nephrectomy, then the day of nephrectomy was considered as the day of graft loss. For the individual components (including loss of follow-up)of the composite endpoint, patients are counted for the first event to occur.
Time frame: 12 months
Extension Study: Renal Function Measured by Calculated Glomerular Filtration Rate (cGFR) Using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Formula
Renal function was assessed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the MDRD formula: GFR \[mL/min/1.73m2\] = 186.3\*(C-1.154)\*(A-0.203)\*G\*R C is the serum concentration of creatinine \[mg/dL\] A is age \[years\] G = 0.742 when gender is female, otherwise G=1 R = 1.21 when race is black, otherwise R=1 Loss to follow up (in In Primary Core Outcome Measure) is composite efficacy failure and contains incidence of treated BPAR, graft loss, death or loss to follow-up
Time frame: Month 24
Extension Study: Renal Function Measured by Calculated Glomerular Filtration Rate (cGFR) Using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Formula
Renal function was assessed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the MDRD formula: GFR \[mL/min/1.73m2\] = 186.3\*(C-1.154)\*(A-0.203)\*G\*R C is the serum concentration of creatinine \[mg/dL\] A is age \[years\] G = 0.742 when gender is female, otherwise G=1 R = 1.21 when race is black, otherwise R=1
Time frame: Month 48
Core Study: Number Participants With Combined Graft Loss, Death or Loss to Follow-up
The allograft was presumed to be lost on the day the patient starts dialysis and was not able to stop dialysis. If the patient underwent a graft nephrectomy, then the day of nephrectomy was considered as the day of graft loss. A loss to follow-up in graft loss, death or loss to follow-up is a patient who did not experience graft loss or death and whose last day of contact was prior to Day 316, i.e. prior to the Month 12 visit window.
Time frame: 12 months
Core Study: Renal Function Measured by Calculated Glomerular Filtration Rate (cGFR) Using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Formula
Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula is: Calculated GFR \[mL/min/1.73m\^2\] = 186.3\*(C\^-1.154)\*(A\^-0.203)\*G\*R where * C is the serum concentration of creatinine \[mg/dL\], * A is patient age at sample collection date \[years\], * G=0.742 when gender is female, otherwise G=1, * R=1.21 when race is black, otherwise R=1
Time frame: Month 12
Extension Study: Number of Participants With Combined Efficacy Endpoint: Graft Loss, Death, Loss to Follow-up and/or Treated Biopsy Proven Acute Rejection (BPAR)
Graft loss was defined as the day the patient started dialysis and was not able to subsequently be removed from dialysis or re-transplant. Loss-to-follow was a patient who did not experience a treated BPAR, graft loss or death and whose last day of contact was prior to Month 24. A Graft Biopsy was done within 48 hours of suspect rejection. Biopsies were read by the local pathologist according to the updated Banff '97 criteria. Treated BPAR was based on local laboratory biopsy results and was defined as a biopsy Banff criteria graded IA to III that was treated with anti-rejection therapy.
Time frame: 24 Months
Extension Study: Renal Function Measured by Calculated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Using the Nankivell Formula
The Nankivell formula was used to calculate GFR at Month 24: GFR\[mL/min\]=6.7/C + W/4 - UREA/2 - 100/H\^2 + 35 (25 for females) W= body weight \[kg\] H= height \[m\] C= serum creatinine \[mmol/L\] UREA= serum urea \[mmol\\L\]
Time frame: Month 24, Month 48
Extension Study: Number of Participants With Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Additional information about Adverse Events can be found in the Adverse Event Section.
Time frame: 24 Months
Extension Study: Everolimus Trough Levels
Blood was collected at all visits after Day 3 for trough (collected 5 minutes before study drug dose) everolimus levels and was analyzed at a central laboratory using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.
Time frame: Month 24, Month 48
Extension Study: Cyclosporine Trough Levels
Blood was collected at all visits after Day 3 for trough (collected 5 minutes before study drug dose) cyclosporine levels and was analyzed at a central laboratory using immunoassay.
Time frame: Month 24, Month 48
| Milestone | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 61 | 61 |
| Completed | 56 | 58 |
| Not completed | 5 | 3 |
| Withdrew: Subject withdrew consent | 5 | 3 |
| Milestone | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 53 | 57 |
| Extension itt: received study drug | 50 | 50 |
| Completed | 47 | 50 |
| Not completed | 6 | 7 |
| Withdrew: Subject withdrew consent | 3 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Did not receive study drug in extension | 3 | 7 |
| Milestone | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 44 | 0 |
| Completed | 42 | 0 |
| Not completed | 2 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Subject withdrew consent | 2 | 0 |
The composite efficacy endpoint consisted of treated biopsy proven acute rejection (BPAR) episodes, graft loss, death or loss to follow-up. A treated BPAR was defined as a biopsy graded IA, IB, IIA, IIB, or III and which was treated with anti-rejection therapy. The allograft was presumed to be lost on the day the patient starts dialysis and was not able to stop dialysis. If the patient underwent a graft nephrectomy, then the day of nephrectomy was considered as the day of graft loss. For the individual components (including loss of follow-up)of the composite endpoint, patients are counted for the first event to occur.
| Participants | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| Composite Efficacy Endpoint | 7 | 7 |
| Treated BPAR | 3 | 5 |
| Graft Loss | 0 | 0 |
| Death | 0 | 0 |
| Loss to follow up (see caveats) | 4 | 2 |
The allograft was presumed to be lost on the day the patient starts dialysis and was not able to stop dialysis. If the patient underwent a graft nephrectomy, then the day of nephrectomy was considered as the day of graft loss. A loss to follow-up in graft loss, death or loss to follow-up is a patient who did not experience graft loss or death and whose last day of contact was prior to Day 316, i.e. prior to the Month 12 visit window.
| Participants | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| Core Study: Number Participants With Combined Graft Loss, Death or Loss to Follow-up | 5 | 3 |
Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula is: Calculated GFR \[mL/min/1.73m\^2\] = 186.3\*(C\^-1.154)\*(A\^-0.203)\*G\*R where * C is the serum concentration of creatinine \[mg/dL\], * A is patient age at sample collection date \[years\], * G=0.742 when gender is female, otherwise G=1, * R=1.21 when race is black, otherwise R=1
| mL/min/1.73m^2 | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| Core Study: Renal Function Measured by Calculated Glomerular Filtration Rate (cGFR) Using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Formula | 58.00 ± 18.993 | 55.25 ± 15.227 |
Renal function was assessed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the MDRD formula: GFR \[mL/min/1.73m2\] = 186.3\*(C-1.154)\*(A-0.203)\*G\*R C is the serum concentration of creatinine \[mg/dL\] A is age \[years\] G = 0.742 when gender is female, otherwise G=1 R = 1.21 when race is black, otherwise R=1 Loss to follow up (in In Primary Core Outcome Measure) is composite efficacy failure and contains incidence of treated BPAR, graft loss, death or loss to follow-up
| mL/min/1.73m^2 | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| Extension Study: Renal Function Measured by Calculated Glomerular Filtration Rate (cGFR) Using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Formula | 58.90 (14.4 to 118.9) | 54.95 (28.3 to 92.7) |
Graft loss was defined as the day the patient started dialysis and was not able to subsequently be removed from dialysis or re-transplant. Loss-to-follow was a patient who did not experience a treated BPAR, graft loss or death and whose last day of contact was prior to Month 24. A Graft Biopsy was done within 48 hours of suspect rejection. Biopsies were read by the local pathologist according to the updated Banff '97 criteria. Treated BPAR was based on local laboratory biopsy results and was defined as a biopsy Banff criteria graded IA to III that was treated with anti-rejection therapy.
| Participants | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| Combined Efficacy Endpoint | 4 | 5 |
| Treated BPAR | 3 | 5 |
| Graft Loss | 0 | 0 |
| Death | 0 | 0 |
| Loss to follow-up | 1 | 0 |
The Nankivell formula was used to calculate GFR at Month 24: GFR\[mL/min\]=6.7/C + W/4 - UREA/2 - 100/H\^2 + 35 (25 for females) W= body weight \[kg\] H= height \[m\] C= serum creatinine \[mmol/L\] UREA= serum urea \[mmol\\L\]
| mL/min | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| Month 24 | 63.49 ± 20.479 | 59.24 ± 13.840 |
| Month 48 (9,0) | 60.16 ± 9.892 | NA ± NA |
Additional information about Adverse Events can be found in the Adverse Event Section.
| Participants | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| Adverse Events | 50 | 50 |
| Serious Adverse Events | 30 | 30 |
Blood was collected at all visits after Day 3 for trough (collected 5 minutes before study drug dose) everolimus levels and was analyzed at a central laboratory using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.
| ng/mL | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|
| Month 24 | 5.258 ± 1.1170 |
| Month 48 (n=8) | 4.408 ± 0.5986 |
Blood was collected at all visits after Day 3 for trough (collected 5 minutes before study drug dose) cyclosporine levels and was analyzed at a central laboratory using immunoassay.
| ng/mL | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| Month 24 | 54.1 ± 39.07 | 105.5 ± 44.16 |
| Month 48 (n=7,0) | 34.2 ± 37.94 | NA ± NA |
Renal function was assessed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the MDRD formula: GFR \[mL/min/1.73m2\] = 186.3\*(C-1.154)\*(A-0.203)\*G\*R C is the serum concentration of creatinine \[mg/dL\] A is age \[years\] G = 0.742 when gender is female, otherwise G=1 R = 1.21 when race is black, otherwise R=1
| mL/min/1.73m^2 | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| Extension Study: Renal Function Measured by Calculated Glomerular Filtration Rate (cGFR) Using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Formula | 59.80 (36.8 to 72.0) | — |
Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | — | 37/61 (60.7%) | 61/61 (100%) |
| Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine | — | 37/61 (60.7%) | 61/61 (100%) |
| Event | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| Cytomegalovirus infectionInfections and infestations | 1/61 | 11/61 |
| Cytomegalovirus test positiveInvestigations | 2/61 | 10/61 |
| Blood creatinine increasedInvestigations | 5/61 | 6/61 |
| ProteinuriaRenal and urinary disorders | 5/61 | 2/61 |
| GastroenteritisInfections and infestations | 2/61 | 4/61 |
| Upper respiratory tract inflammationRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 4/61 | 1/61 |
| PyrexiaGeneral disorders | 3/61 | 2/61 |
| CataractEye disorders | 2/61 | 0/61 |
| Inguinal herniaGastrointestinal disorders | 2/61 | 0/61 |
| Herpes zosterInfections and infestations | 1/61 | 2/61 |
| Event | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|
| NasopharyngitisInfections and infestations | 37/61 | 38/61 |
| HyperlipidaemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders | 30/61 | 20/61 |
| ConstipationGastrointestinal disorders | 19/61 | 27/61 |
| DiarrhoeaGastrointestinal disorders | 22/61 | 15/61 |
| AcneSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | 18/61 | 22/61 |
| HypertensionVascular disorders | 21/61 | 18/61 |
| PyrexiaGeneral disorders | 14/61 | 17/61 |
| InsomniaPsychiatric disorders | 17/61 | 9/61 |
| Iron deficiency anaemiaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 14/61 | 16/61 |
| Cytomegalovirus test positiveInvestigations | 3/61 | 16/61 |
Baseline Measures are based on the data obtained in the Core Study.
| Age Continuous(years) | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 42.5 ± 14.13 | 38.6 ± 11.36 | 40.5 ± 12.92 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Everolimus + Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) + Standard Dose of Cyclosporine | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 15 | 24 | 39 |
| Male | 46 | 37 | 83 |
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