A Phase 4 interventional study of Everolimus and Mycophenolic acid (MPA)/azathioprine (AZA) in Disorder Related to Cardiac Transplantation, sponsored by Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Completed at 6 sites in 3 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-07-30.
Sponsored by Novartis Pharmaceuticals · Phase 4, Interventional, and Prevention
This study investigated whether initiation of everolimus together with reduction of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) in maintenance heart or lung transplant patients with renal impairment would improve renal function.
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Exclusion criteria:
Everolimus (3-8 ng/mL) + CNI reduction ± MPA/AZA ± steroids. Everolimus 0.75-1.5 mg twice daily. Dose adjusted to target blood concentration in the range 3-8 ng/mL. CNI reduction (reduced 50-70%): target of achieving a cyclosporine A (CsA) trough level \< 75 ng/mL or a tacrolimus trough level \< 4 ng/mL. MPA was reduced by 25%,upon CNI reduction. If participants were treated with AZA ( alternative to MPA) no dose reduction was needed. Steroid treatment was according to local practice.
Drug: Everolimus · Drug: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) · Drug: Steroids
CNI ± MPA/AZA ± steroids. In the standard CNI arm, all immunosuppressants including mycophenolic acid (MPA) and azathioprine (AZA) continued unchanged as per local practice. Steroid treatment was according to local practice.
Drug: Mycophenolic acid (MPA)/azathioprine (AZA) · Drug: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) · Drug: Steroids
0.75-1.5 mg twice daily. At the week 1 visit and thereafter, the dose was adjusted to target blood concentration in the range 3-8 ng/mL.
Also known as: Certican
In the standard CNI arm, all immunosuppressants including (MPA) and azathioprine (AZA) continued unchanged as per local practice.
Also known as: Neoral®/Prograf®
Calcineurin inhibitors include cyclosporine, pimecrolimus, and tacrolimus.
Steroid treatment was according to local practice. If steroids were given, the baseline dose of prednisone or equivalent was to be kept unchanged for all treatment groups for the total study duration, unless a medical condition dictated a change.
Change in Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate (mGFR) From Baseline to Month 12
Renal function was assessed by determining the measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) using creatinine ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (Cr-EDTA) clearance or an equivalent method. A positive change score indicates improved renal function.
Time frame: Baseline to Month 12
Change in Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate (mGFR) From Baseline to End of Study (Month 24)
Renal function was assessed by determining the measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) using creatinine ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (Cr-EDTA) clearance or an equivalent method. A positive change score indicates improved renal function.
Time frame: Baseline to end of study (Month 24)
Change in Serum Creatinine From Baseline to End of Study (Month 24)
Renal function was assessed by determining serum creatinine using standard laboratory methods. A positive change score indicates improved renal function.
Time frame: Baseline to end of study (Month 24)
Number of Patients With Biopsy-proven Acute Rejection From Month 12 to End of Study (Month 24)
Biopsy-proved acute rejection was defined as a treated acute rejection confirmed by biopsy, graded locally according to the International Society for Heart \& Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) criteria. A treated acute rejection was defined as an acute rejection clinically suspected, whether biopsy-proven or not, which had been treated and confirmed by the investigator according to the response to therapy.
Time frame: Month 12 to end of study (Month 24)
Number of Patients Who Died and Number of Patients With Graft Loss From Month 12 to End of Study (Month 24)
Number of patients not alive and number of patients with loss of their graft.
Time frame: Month 12 to end of study (Month 24)
Number of Patients in Need of Dialysis From Month 12 to End of Study (Month 24)
Time frame: Month 12 to end of study (Month 24)
Change in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) From Baseline to End of Study (Month 24) in the Lung Transplant Subgroup
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was measured by spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. FEV1 is the volume delivered in the first second of a forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuver. A positive change score indicates improved lung function.
Time frame: Baseline to end of study (Month 24)
Change in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) From Baseline to End of Study (Month 24) in the Lung Transplant Subgroup
Forced vital capacity (FVC) was measured by spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. FVC is the volume delivered during an expiration made as forcefully and completely as possible starting from full inspiration. A positive change score indicates improved lung function.
Time frame: Baseline to end of study (Month 24)
Change in Left Ventricular Function (Diameter and Thickness Parameters) From Baseline to End of Study (Month 24) in the Heart Transplant Subgroup
Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography which was performed according to local routine practice. Echocardiography parameters were left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), interventricular septal wall thickness (IVSTd), and posterior wall thickness (PWTd). A positive change score indicates improved left ventricular function.
Time frame: Baseline to end of study (Month 24)
Change in Left Ventricular Function (Filling and Ejection Fraction Parameters) From Baseline to End of Study (Month 24) in the Heart Transplant Subgroup
Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography which was performed according to local routine practice. Echocardiography parameters were filling fraction (FF) and ejection fraction (EF). A positive change score indicates improved left ventricular function.
Time frame: Baseline to end of study (Month 24)
Mean Days of Hospitalization From Baseline to End of Study (Month 24)
Time frame: Baseline to end of study (Month 24)
Number of Patients Discontinued From the Study Due to Adverse Events From Month 12 to End of Study (Month 24)
Time frame: Month 12 to end of study (Month 24)
This was a 12-month study in maintenance heart and lung transplant patients with a follow-up period of an additional 12 months. Results to 24 months are presented. Patients were randomized to continue their current calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) based regimen or to start everolimus with reduction of CNI blood levels.
| Milestone | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 140 | 142 |
| Completed | 112 | 133 |
| Not completed | 28 | 9 |
| Withdrew: Adverse event | 18 | 2 |
| Withdrew: Death | 3 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Withdrew consent | 5 | 2 |
| Withdrew: Administrative reason | 1 | 1 |
| Withdrew: Unspecified reasons | 1 | 4 |
| Milestone | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 108 | 127 |
| Completed | 98 | 123 |
| Not completed | 10 | 4 |
| Withdrew: Death | 1 | 1 |
| Withdrew: Adverse event | 8 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Abnormal laboratory value | 1 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Unspecified reason | 0 | 3 |
Renal function was assessed by determining the measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) using creatinine ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (Cr-EDTA) clearance or an equivalent method. A positive change score indicates improved renal function.
| mL/min | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 48.6 ± 15.1 | 48.0 ± 13.2 |
| Month 12 | 53.2 ± 15.7 | 47.5 ± 16.1 |
| Change from Baseline | 4.6 ± 10.4 | -0.5 ± 9.0 |
Renal function was assessed by determining the measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) using creatinine ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (Cr-EDTA) clearance or an equivalent method. A positive change score indicates improved renal function.
| mL/min | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Month 0 | 49.3 ± 14.7 | 49.1 ± 13.0 |
| Month 24 | 52.5 ± 16.4 | 46.8 ± 15.2 |
| Change | 3.2 ± 12.3 | -2.4 ± 9.0 |
Renal function was assessed by determining serum creatinine using standard laboratory methods. A positive change score indicates improved renal function.
| μmol/L | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Month 0 | 126 ± 30 | 129 ± 29 |
| Month 24 | 126 ± 64 | 132 ± 37 |
| Change | 0 ± 53 | 3 ± 23 |
Biopsy-proved acute rejection was defined as a treated acute rejection confirmed by biopsy, graded locally according to the International Society for Heart \& Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) criteria. A treated acute rejection was defined as an acute rejection clinically suspected, whether biopsy-proven or not, which had been treated and confirmed by the investigator according to the response to therapy.
| Participants | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Patients With Biopsy-proven Acute Rejection From Month 12 to End of Study (Month 24) | 6 | 5 |
Number of patients not alive and number of patients with loss of their graft.
| Participants | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Death | 3 | 0 |
| Graft Loss | 0 | 0 |
| Participants | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Patients in Need of Dialysis From Month 12 to End of Study (Month 24) | 0 | 2 |
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was measured by spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. FEV1 is the volume delivered in the first second of a forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuver. A positive change score indicates improved lung function.
| Liters | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) From Baseline to End of Study (Month 24) in the Lung Transplant Subgroup | -0.2 ± 0.2 | -0.1 ± 0.2 |
Forced vital capacity (FVC) was measured by spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. FVC is the volume delivered during an expiration made as forcefully and completely as possible starting from full inspiration. A positive change score indicates improved lung function.
| Liters | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) From Baseline to End of Study (Month 24) in the Lung Transplant Subgroup | -0.2 ± 0.3 | -0.1 ± 0.4 |
Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography which was performed according to local routine practice. Echocardiography parameters were left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), interventricular septal wall thickness (IVSTd), and posterior wall thickness (PWTd). A positive change score indicates improved left ventricular function.
| cm | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| LVEDD | -0.1 ± 0.8 | -0.0 ± 0.4 |
| LVESD | 0.1 ± 0.7 | 0.1 ± 0.6 |
| IVSTd | -0.4 ± 2.4 | -0.1 ± 1.2 |
| PWTd | -0.5 ± 2.1 | -0.1 ± 1.1 |
Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography which was performed according to local routine practice. Echocardiography parameters were filling fraction (FF) and ejection fraction (EF). A positive change score indicates improved left ventricular function.
| percentage | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| EF | -0.6 ± 8.5 | 0.1 ± 7.9 |
| FF | 0 ± 1 | 0 ± 1 |
| Days | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Days of Hospitalization From Baseline to End of Study (Month 24) | 8.5 ± 7.4 | 16.2 ± 19.3 |
| Participants | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Total discontinued due to AE(s) | 8 | 0 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 2 | 0 |
| Skin problems | 1 | 0 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 1 | 0 |
| Stroke | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular pain | 1 | 0 |
| Diarrhea | 1 | 0 |
| Edema | 1 | 0 |
Collected over 24 months. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control: 12 Month Heart | — | 23/96 (24%) | 48/96 (50%) |
| Everolimus + CNI Reduction: 12 Month Heart | — | 40/94 (42.6%) | 75/94 (79.8%) |
| Control: 12 Month Lung | — | 17/46 (37%) | 33/46 (71.7%) |
| Everolimus+CNI Reduction: 12 Month Lung | — | 25/46 (54.3%) | 42/46 (91.3%) |
| Control: 24 Month Heart | — | 31/86 (36%) | 33/86 (38.4%) |
| Everolimus + CNI Reduction: 24 Month Heart | — | 25/69 (36.2%) | 29/69 (42%) |
| Control: 24 Month Lung | — | 21/41 (51.2%) | 21/41 (51.2%) |
| Everolimus + CNI Reduction: 24 Month Lung | — | 16/39 (41%) | 27/39 (69.2%) |
| Event | Control: 12 Month Heart | Everolimus + CNI Reduction: 12 Month Heart | Control: 12 Month Lung | Everolimus+CNI Reduction: 12 Month Lung | Control: 24 Month Heart | Everolimus + CNI Reduction: 24 Month Heart | Control: 24 Month Lung | Everolimus + CNI Reduction: 24 Month Lung |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pneumonia NOSInfections and infestations | 3/96 | 7/94 | 3/46 | 6/46 | 2/86 | 0/69 | 7/41 | 5/39 |
| Obliterative bronchiolitisRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 0/96 | 0/94 | 1/46 | 2/46 | 0/86 | 0/69 | 6/41 | 1/39 |
| Squamous cell carcinomaNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) | 3/96 | 1/94 | 1/46 | 1/46 | 0/86 | 0/69 | 1/41 | 2/39 |
| Basal cell carcinomaNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) | 0/96 | 0/94 | 0/46 | 0/46 | 1/86 | 1/69 | 2/41 | 0/39 |
| Excessive bronchial secretionRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 0/96 | 0/94 | 0/46 | 0/46 | 0/86 | 0/69 | 2/41 | 0/39 |
| Bronchitis acute NOSInfections and infestations | 0/96 | 0/94 | 2/46 | 0/46 | 0/86 | 0/69 | 1/41 | 1/39 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection NOSInfections and infestations | 0/96 | 0/94 | 0/46 | 2/46 | 0/86 | 0/69 | 0/41 | 0/39 |
| Pulmonary embolismVascular disorders | 1/96 | 1/94 | 2/46 | 2/46 | 1/86 | 2/69 | 1/41 | 1/39 |
| Oedema NOSCardiac disorders | 0/96 | 3/94 | 0/46 | 0/46 | 1/86 | 1/69 | 0/41 | 0/39 |
| PyrexiaGeneral disorders | 1/96 | 3/94 | 0/46 | 0/46 | 0/86 | 0/69 | 0/41 | 0/39 |
| Event | Control: 12 Month Heart | Everolimus + CNI Reduction: 12 Month Heart | Control: 12 Month Lung | Everolimus+CNI Reduction: 12 Month Lung | Control: 24 Month Heart | Everolimus + CNI Reduction: 24 Month Heart | Control: 24 Month Lung | Everolimus + CNI Reduction: 24 Month Lung |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oedema NOSCardiac disorders | 10/96 | 24/94 | 3/46 | 14/46 | 9/86 | 4/69 | 2/41 | 5/39 |
| NasopharyngitisInfections and infestations | 15/96 | 18/94 | 12/46 | 11/46 | 12/86 | 7/69 | 7/41 | 8/39 |
| Upper respiratory tract infection NOSInfections and infestations | 1/96 | 2/94 | 6/46 | 9/46 | 2/86 | 2/69 | 4/41 | 6/39 |
| Leucopenia NOSBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 0/96 | 8/94 | 0/46 | 8/46 | 1/86 | 1/69 | 0/41 | 1/39 |
| Diarrhoea NOSGastrointestinal disorders | 4/96 | 15/94 | 3/46 | 7/46 | 0/86 | 4/69 | 1/41 | 3/39 |
| HypercholesterolaemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders | 4/96 | 0/94 | 3/46 | 6/46 | 1/86 | 2/69 | 0/41 | 2/39 |
| Hypertension NOSVascular disorders | 5/96 | 4/94 | 4/46 | 6/46 | 0/86 | 3/69 | 2/41 | 3/39 |
| Acne NOSSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | 0/96 | 11/94 | 0/46 | 1/46 | 0/86 | 0/69 | 0/41 | 1/39 |
| Mouth ulcerationGastrointestinal disorders | 0/96 | 1/94 | 0/46 | 5/46 | 0/86 | 0/69 | 0/41 | 0/39 |
| Pneumonia NOSInfections and infestations | 5/96 | 3/94 | 2/46 | 5/46 | 1/86 | 0/69 | 0/41 | 3/39 |
| Age, Continuous(years) | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 59.2 ± 9.5 | 56.4 ± 10.7 | 57.8 ± 9.96 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Everolimus + CNI Reduction | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 37 | 40 | 77 |
| Male | 103 | 102 | 205 |
Plan to share: Undecided — Novartis is committed to sharing with qualified external researchers, access to patient-level data and supporting clinical documents from eligible studies. These requests are reviewed and approved by an independent review panel on the basis of scientific merit. All data provided is anonymized to respect the privacy of patients who have participated in the trial in line with applicable laws and regulations. This trial data availability is according to the criteria and process described on www.clinicalstudydatarequest.com
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