An interventional study of Intrapartum HIV counseling/testing and Postpartum HIV counseling/testing in HIV Infections, sponsored by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Completed at 2 sites in South Africa. Open to female participants aged 14 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2012-10-30.
Sponsored by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
Voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) and anti-HIV drugs for pregnant women and their newborns decrease rates of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. This study will determine the acceptability of HIV counseling and rapid testing prior to delivery and will compare the usefulness of VCT prior to birth versus after birth in preventing MTCT of HIV in pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa. This study will also determine the acceptability and effectiveness of giving anti-HIV medications to prevent MTCT of HIV.
Pediatric HIV infection is a major public health problem in South Africa, and is primarily caused by MTCT of HIV. Strategies to prevent MTCT have been successfully employed when a mother's HIV status is known. However, there is concern in South Africa that it is unethical to offer HIV testing to women in the intrapartum period when they are experiencing the physical and emotional stress of labor. This study will compare the acceptability and accuracy of intrapartum and postpartum VCT in pregnant women of unknown HIV status in Cape Town, South Africa.
Pregnant women of unknown HIV status coming to a participating hospital to deliver will be asked to enter the trial. Women will be assigned to either intrapartum or postpartum VCT depending on the week during which they come to the hospital. The intervention (intrapartum or postpartum VCT) for the week will be randomly assigned and all women enrolling in the trial in a given week will receive the same intervention.
All women will receive HIV counseling prior to testing. Women in the intrapartum VCT group who are HIV infected will receive antiretrovirals (ARV) prior to delivery to prevent MTCT, and their infants will receive ARV within 3 days of birth. Infants born to HIV infected women in the postpartum VCT group will receive ARV as soon as possible after confirmation of the mother's positive test. All women will receive post-test counseling prior to discharge.
HIV VCT, medical history assessment, and physical exam will occur at study entry. A small subset of both HIV infected and uninfected mothers will be asked for their opinions regarding peripartum HIV VCT and MTCT prevention strategies during qualitative assessments.
Infants will undergo physical exam within 2 days of birth, medical history assessment within 2 days of birth and at 3 additional times between 6 and 14 weeks of age, and HIV testing within 2 days of birth and at 2 additional times between 6 and 12 weeks of age.
4,258 studies on the registry are indexed under HIV Infections; 240 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 283 is above the median of 83 across 3,251 interventional studies indexed under HIV Infections.
Browse HIV Infections studies →National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is the lead sponsor of 2,401 studies on the registry; 179 are open to participants now.
Of its 396 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 294 (74%) have results posted.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Inclusion Criteria for Women:
Inclusion Criteria for Infants:
Exclusion Criteria for Women:
Time required to obtain informed consent
time from initiation of HIV pre-test counseling until test results are available
proportion of test evaluations completed before delivery
proportion of test evaluations completed before hospital discharge
proportion of women who agree to HIV testing
proportion of women identified as HIV infected during labor who accept ARV prophylaxis
proportion of women identified as HIV infected after birth who accept ARV therapy for their infants
timing of infant ARV prophylaxis initiation after birth, as a proportion of infants born to women identified as HIV infected after birth and as a continuous variable
timing of mother ARV initiation as a proportion of women identified as HIV infected during labor and as a continuous variable
qualitative measures (defined as available space, study staff allocation, support for counseling and testing, and women's perceptions and opinions of counseling and testing)
Proportion of women with undocumented HIV infection who are tested and determined to be HIV infected peripartum
performance of rapid HIV tests as measured by sensitivity and specificity
proportion of infants who complete the Week 6 study visit and efforts needed to accomplish this visit
proportion of infants being fed according to the method chosen at discharge (defined as exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive formula feeding, or mixed feeding), as reported by the mother at Week 6
proportion of HIV-exposed infants who acquire HIV infection during delivery and after birth
acceptance of HIV counseling and testing among clinical personnel at primary, secondary, and tertiary care facilities
This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2012. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)