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CompletedNCT00000625Updated Nov 2, 2021

A Randomized, Double-Blind Phase II/III Trial of Monotherapy vs. Combination Therapy With Nucleoside Analogs in HIV-Infected Persons With CD4 Cells of 200-500/mm3

A Phase 2 interventional study of Zidovudine and Zalcitabine in HIV Infections, sponsored by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Completed at 58 sites in 3 countries. Open to participants aged 12 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-11-02.

Sponsored by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
2,100
Ages
12 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

To determine the efficacy and safety of zidovudine ( AZT ) versus didanosine ( ddI ), AZT plus ddI, and AZT plus zalcitabine ( ddC ) in preventing disease progression in HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts of 200-500 cells/mm3.

Read the detailed description

Patients are randomized to receive AZT alone, AZT and ddI, AZT and ddC, or ddI alone for at least 2 years. Patients who develop AIDS or whose CD4 count falls to 50 percent or less of baseline are crossed over to another treatment arm.

PER AMENDMENT 4/5/95: Study treatment will be available until 10/31/95 at the latest for patients still taking study medications on 4/30/95, so that follow-up trials may be completed and approved.

02

Conditions studied

  • HIV Infections

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Keywords

  • Zalcitabine
  • Didanosine
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • AIDS-Related Complex
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Zidovudine
03

In context

HIV Infections

4,258 studies on the registry are indexed under HIV Infections; 240 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 2,100 is above the median of 83 across 3,251 interventional studies indexed under HIV Infections.

Browse HIV Infections studies →

Lead sponsor

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is the lead sponsor of 2,401 studies on the registry; 179 are open to participants now.

Of its 396 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 294 (74%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
12 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Allowed:

  • PCP prophylaxis, M. tuberculosis prophylaxis, short courses of acyclovir, chronic suppressive acyclovir, pneumovax or Hib vaccine, antibiotics, rEPO and G-CSF for grade 3 or worse anemia and neutropenia, systemic corticosteroids for \< 21 days, regularly prescribed medications, and vitamins or herbal therapies.

Patients must have:

  • HIV infection without AIDS with CD4 200-500 cells/mm3.

PER AMENDMENT 4/5/95:

  • Patients must have remained on ACTG 175 study treatment through 4/30/95 and meet toxicity management criteria for continuing treatment. Subjects taking ACTG 175 crossover treatment are eligible.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with the following conditions are excluded:

  • Current AIDS-related condition other than minimal KS, grade 2 or worse peripheral neuropathy, and malignancy requiring systemic therapy.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

  • Other anti-HIV drugs, biologic response modifiers other than rEPO and G-CSF, systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy, chronic systemic corticosteroids, or any drug that affects AZT glucuronidation or clearance.

Concurrent Treatment:

Excluded:

  • Radiotherapy other than limited local therapy to skin.

Patients with the following prior conditions are excluded:

  • AIDS-related condition other than minimal KS; intolerance to AZT, ddI, or ddC at study doses; and acute or chronic pancreatitis.

Prior Medication:

Excluded:

  • Acute therapy for an infection or other medical illness within the past 14 days.

Current alcohol abuse.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Masking
Double
Enrollment
2,100 participants

Interventions

  • DrugZidovudine
  • DrugZalcitabine
  • DrugDidanosine
06

Study locations

58 sites
  • Alabama Therapeutics CRS
    Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
  • USC CRS
    Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
  • UCLA CARE Center CRS
    Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
  • Children's Hosp. & Research Ctr. Oakland, Ped. Clinical Research Ctr. & Research Lab.
    Oakland, California 94609, United States
  • Stanford CRS
    Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
  • UCSD Maternal, Child, and Adolescent HIV CRS
    San Diego, California 92093, United States
  • Ucsd, Avrc Crs
    San Diego, California, United States
  • Ucsf Aids Crs
    San Francisco, California, United States
  • Santa Clara Valley Med. Ctr.
    San Jose, California 95128, United States
  • San Mateo County AIDS Program
    San Mateo, California 94305, United States
  • Harbor-UCLA Med. Ctr. CRS
    Torrance, California 90502, United States
  • University of Colorado Hospital CRS
    Aurora, Colorado 80262, United States
  • Howard University Hosp., Div. of Infectious Diseases, ACTU
    Washington, District of Columbia 20059, United States
  • Univ. of Miami AIDS CRS
    Miami, Florida 33136, United States
  • Emory Univ. Hemophilia Program Office
    Atlanta, Georgia 30365, United States
  • Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Leahi Hosp.
    Honolulu, Hawaii 96816, United States
  • Northwestern University CRS
    Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
  • Cook County Hosp. CORE Ctr.
    Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
  • Rush Univ. Med. Ctr. ACTG CRS
    Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
  • Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Clinic
    Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
  • Methodist Hosp. of Indiana
    Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
  • Univ. of Iowa Healthcare, Div. of Infectious Diseases
    Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
  • Tulane Hemophilia Treatment Ctr.
    New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
  • Tulane Med. Ctr. - Charity Hosp. of New Orleans, ACTU
    New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
  • Tulane/LSU Maternal/Child CRS
    New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
  • Johns Hopkins Adult AIDS CRS
    Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
  • Massachusetts General Hospital ACTG CRS
    Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
  • Brigham and Women's Hosp., Div. of Infectious Disease
    Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
  • HMS - Children's Hosp. Boston, Div. of Infectious Diseases
    Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
  • Bmc Actg Crs
    Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
  • Beth Israel Deaconess - East Campus A0102 CRS
    Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ctr., ACTG CRS
    Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
  • Hennepin County Med. Ctr., Div. of Infectious Diseases
    Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
  • University of Minnesota, ACTU
    Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
  • St. Louis ConnectCare, Infectious Diseases Clinic
    Saint Louis, Missouri 63112, United States
  • Washington U CRS
    Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
  • Univ. of Nebraska Med. Ctr., Durham Outpatient Ctr.
    Omaha, Nebraska, United States
  • NJ Med. School CRS
    Newark, New Jersey, United States
  • SUNY - Buffalo, Erie County Medical Ctr.
    Buffalo, New York 14215, United States
  • Beth Israel Med. Ctr. (Mt. Sinai)
    New York, New York 10003, United States
  • NY Univ. HIV/AIDS CRS
    New York, New York 10016, United States
  • Cornell University A2201
    New York, New York 10021, United States
  • Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr.
    New York, New York 10021, United States
  • NYU Med. Ctr., Dept. of Medicine
    New York, New York, United States
  • Univ. of Rochester ACTG CRS
    Rochester, New York 14642, United States
  • Unc Aids Crs
    Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
  • Carolinas HealthCare System, Carolinas Med. Ctr.
    Charlotte, North Carolina 28203, United States
  • Duke Univ. Med. Ctr. Adult CRS
    Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
  • Regional Center for Infectious Disease, Wendover Medical Center CRS
    Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
  • Wake County Health and Human Services CRS
    Raleigh, North Carolina 27610, United States
  • Univ. of Cincinnati CRS
    Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
  • Case CRS
    Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
  • MetroHealth CRS
    Cleveland, Ohio, United States
  • The Ohio State Univ. AIDS CRS
    Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
  • Hosp. of the Univ. of Pennsylvania CRS
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
  • University of Washington AIDS CRS
    Seattle, Washington 98122, United States
  • Puerto Rico-AIDS CRS
    San Juan, Puerto Rico
  • Mbeya Med. Research Program, Mbeya Referral Hosp. CRS
    Mbeya, Tanzania
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Havlir DV, Richman DD. Viral dynamics of HIV: implications for drug development and therapeutic strategies. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Jun 1;124(11):984-94. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-124-11-199606010-00006. PubMed 8624066 ↗
  • Hammer SM, Katzenstein DA, Hughes MD, Gundacker H, Schooley RT, Haubrich RH, Henry WK, Lederman MM, Phair JP, Niu M, Hirsch MS, Merigan TC. A trial comparing nucleoside monotherapy with combination therapy in HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts from 200 to 500 per cubic millimeter. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175 Study Team. N Engl J Med. 1996 Oct 10;335(15):1081-90. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199610103351501. PubMed 8813038 ↗
  • Simpson DM, Katzenstein DA, Hughes MD, Hammer SM, Williamson DL, Jiang Q, Pi JT. Neuromuscular function in HIV infection: analysis of a placebo-controlled combination antiretroviral trial. AIDS Clinical Group 175/801 Study Team. AIDS. 1998 Dec 24;12(18):2425-32. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199818000-00011. PubMed 9875580 ↗
  • Zidovudine, didanosine, and zalcitabine in the treatment of HIV infection: meta-analyses of the randomised evidence. HIV Trialists' Collaborative Group. Lancet. 1999 Jun 12;353(9169):2014-25. PubMed 10376616 ↗
  • Katzenstein DA, Hughes MD, Albrecht M, Liou SH, Murphy R, Balfour H, Para M, Hammer S; ACTG 302 Study Team. Virologic and CD4 cell response to zidovudine or zidovudine and lamivudine following didanosine treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2001 Feb 10;17(3):203-10. doi: 10.1089/088922201750063115. PubMed 11177402 ↗
  • Justice AC, Holmes W, Gifford AL, Rabeneck L, Zackin R, Sinclair G, Weissman S, Neidig J, Marcus C, Chesney M, Cohn SE, Wu AW; Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Unit Outcomes Committee. Development and validation of a self-completed HIV symptom index. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001 Dec;54 Suppl 1:S77-90. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00449-8. PubMed 11750213 ↗
  • Katzenstein DA, Hammer SM, Hughes MD, Gundacker H, Jackson JB, Fiscus S, Rasheed S, Elbeik T, Reichman R, Japour A, Merigan TC, Hirsch MS. The relation of virologic and immunologic markers to clinical outcomes after nucleoside therapy in HIV-infected adults with 200 to 500 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175 Virology Study Team. N Engl J Med. 1996 Oct 10;335(15):1091-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199610103351502. Erratum In: N Engl J Med 1997 Oct 9;337(15):1097. PubMed 8813039 ↗
  • Fiscus SA, Hughes MD, Lathey JL, Pi T, Jackson B, Rasheed S, Elbeik T, Reichman R, Japour A, Byington R, Scott W, Griffith BP, Katzenstein DA, Hammer SM. Changes in virologic markers as predictors of CD4 cell decline and progression of disease in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected adults treated with nucleosides. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 175 Team. J Infect Dis. 1998 Mar;177(3):625-33. doi: 10.1086/514248. PubMed 9498441 ↗
  • Currier JS, Spino C, Grimes J, Wofsy CB, Katzenstein DA, Hughes MD, Hammer SM, Cotton DJ. Differences between women and men in adverse events and CD4+ responses to nucleoside analogue therapy for HIV infection. The Aids Clinical Trials Group 175 Team. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000 Aug 1;24(4):316-24. doi: 10.1097/00126334-200008010-00003. PubMed 11015147 ↗
  • Kastrissios H, Suarez JR, Katzenstein D, Girard P, Sheiner LB, Blaschke TF. Characterizing patterns of drug-taking behavior with a multiple drug regimen in an AIDS clinical trial. AIDS. 1998 Dec 3;12(17):2295-303. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199817000-00011. PubMed 9863872 ↗
  • Lathey JL, Hughes MD, Fiscus SA, Pi T, Jackson JB, Rasheed S, Elbeik T, Reichman R, Japour A, D'Aquila RT, Scott W, Griffith BP, Hammer SM, Katzenstein DA. Variability and prognostic values of virologic and CD4 cell measures in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients with 200-500 CD4 cells/mm(3) (ACTG 175). AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 175 Team. J Infect Dis. 1998 Mar;177(3):617-24. doi: 10.1086/514250. PubMed 9498440 ↗
08

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Nov 2, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT00000625
Lead sponsor
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Collaborators
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Glaxo Wellcome
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Aug 31, 2001
Completion
Nov 1995
Last update
Nov 2, 2021

Study contacts

Katzenstein D
study chair
Hammer S
study chair
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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